2023年01月28日 VOA慢速英语:美国改变政策,将向乌克兰派遣坦克
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    US Changes Policy, Will Send Tanks to Ukraine
    美国改变政策,将向乌克兰派遣坦克
     

    United States officials surprised many experts by agreeing to send M1 Abrams tanks to Ukraine to fight Russian forces.
    美国官员同意向乌克兰派遣 M1 艾布拉姆斯坦克与俄罗斯军队作战,令许多专家感到意外。
     
    For months, U.S. officials said that it would not be a good idea to send the heavy, complicated war vehicles to Ukraine.
    几个月来,美国官员一直表示,将重型、复杂的战车派往乌克兰并不是一个好主意。
     
    The big change came after intense negotiations between the U.S. and its allies. The talks resulted in the U.S. announcing that it would send 31 Abrams tanks and Germany announcing it would send 14 Leopard 2 tanks. Germany said it would also permit other countries to send Leopard tanks to Ukraine.
    在美国与其盟国进行激烈谈判之后,发生了重大变化。会谈导致美国宣布将派遣 31 辆艾布拉姆斯坦克,德国宣布将派遣 14 辆豹 2 坦克。德国表示,它还将允许其他国家向乌克兰派遣豹式坦克。
     
    At first, Germany had been reluctant to send its Leopard tanks. Germany wanted the United States to also send Abrams tanks to avoid being the only target of Russia's anger at the move to arm Ukraine further.
    起初,德国一直不愿意派遣其豹式坦克。德国希望美国也派遣艾布拉姆斯坦克,以避免成为俄罗斯因进一步武装乌克兰而愤怒的唯一目标。
     
    However, the U.S. had said Germany's Leopards were a better fit for Ukrainian forces. Poland wanted to send Leopard tanks to Ukraine but needed permission from Germany, which makes the tanks.
    然而,美国曾表示德国的豹式坦克更适合乌克兰军队。波兰想将豹式坦克运往乌克兰,但需要得到制造坦克的德国的许可。
     
    Speaking of the agreement, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said: "This is the result of intensive consultations, once again, with our allies and international powers."
    谈到该协议,德国总理奥拉夫·舒尔茨说:“这是与我们的盟友和国际大国再次深入磋商的结果。”
     
    Last Friday, military officials from more than 50 countries met at Ramstein Air Base in Germany to discuss the situation in Ukraine. Tanks were a big subject. Officials from countries with Leopard tanks spoke to the German defense minister. Germany's position on the issue began to publicly soften.
    上周五,来自 50 多个国家的军方官员在德国拉姆施泰因空军基地举行会议,讨论乌克兰局势。坦克是一个大主题。拥有豹式坦克的国家的官员与德国国防部长进行了交谈。德国在这个问题上的立场开始公开软化。
     
    Recently, U.S. President Joe Biden told reporters, "Germany didn't force me to change our mind."
    近日,美国总统拜登对记者说,“德国没有强迫我改变主意。”
     
    Why the U.S. avoided sending tanks
    为什么美国避免派遣坦克
     
    U.S. officials at first did not recommend sending the Abrams tanks for several reasons.
    出于几个原因,美国官员起初不建议派遣艾布拉姆斯坦克。
     
    The tank is powerful and has been used in both Iraq Wars. It has a 120-millimeter gun and a high-technology targeting system. The Abrams also has a turbine engine that produces 1,500 horsepower, a very large amount of mechanical power. It can travel through snow, mud and almost any terrain. It is also heavily armored.
    该坦克威力强大,曾在两次伊拉克战争中使用过。它有一个 120 毫米的火炮和一个高科技瞄准系统。艾布拉姆斯还有一个涡轮发动机,可产生 1,500 马力,这是一个非常大的机械功率。它可以穿越雪地、泥地和几乎任何地形。它也是重装甲的。
     
    But, because it has a "jet" engine, it uses huge amounts of fuel. Kevin Butler, a former Army lieutenant who led an Abrams group, said the tanks need a constant supply of fuel to move forward.
    但是,因为它有一个“喷气式”发动机,它使用大量的燃料。凯文巴特勒是前陆军中尉,曾领导艾布拉姆斯小组,他说坦克需要源源不断的燃料供应才能前进。
     
    U.S. officials worried that it would be very difficult for Ukraine to keep the tanks fueled in winter conditions. That is because their fuel trucks do not have the same ability the tanks have for going through difficult terrain.
    美国官员担心乌克兰很难在冬季条件下为坦克加油。那是因为他们的加油车不具备坦克穿越困难地形的能力。
     
    Colin Kahl is the undersecretary for defense policy at the U.S. Department of Defense. He told reporters last week that: "The Abrams tank is a very complicated piece of equipment… it's hard to train on… it is not the easiest system to maintain."
    科林·卡尔 (Colin Kahl) 是美国国防部负责国防政策的副部长。他上周告诉记者:“艾布拉姆斯坦克是一件非常复杂的设备……很难训练……它不是最容易维护的系统。”
     
    It will require months of training for Ukrainian forces to use the complex system, to keep it running and fueled.
    乌克兰军队需要数月的训练才能使用这个复杂的系统,以保持其运行和加油。
     
    When the Abrams tanks will arrive remains unclear. U.S. officials said the process could take "many months." The Leopard tanks will arrive sooner.
    艾布拉姆斯坦克何时抵达仍不清楚。美国官员表示,这一过程可能需要“好几个月”。豹式坦克会更快到达。
     
    Doug Bush, an army supply official, said the U.S. no longer buys new Abrams tanks but repairs existing ones. It will take time to prepare the tanks for service. But he said the Ukrainians have shown they can learn new systems quickly.
    陆军供应官员道格布什表示,美国不再购买新的艾布拉姆斯坦克,而是修理现有的坦克。准备水箱以供使用需要时间。但他说,乌克兰人已经证明他们可以快速学习新系统。
     
    National Security Council spokesman John Kirby said: "We want to make sure that they (the tanks) fall on ready hands, and that the Ukrainians know how to use them, they know how to keep them running, and they've got the supply chain in place for spare parts and supplies."
    国家安全委员会发言人约翰柯比说:“我们要确保他们(坦克)落在现成的人手上,乌克兰人知道如何使用它们,他们知道如何让它们运转,并且他们有供应备件和供应链到位。”
     
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