Rob: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Rob and with me is
Neil.
Neil: Hello.
Rob: Today we’re talking about class. This is something of an obsession
with British people; it’s something they talk about and think about
all the time! So Neil, what class are you – lower, middle or upper?
Neil: I suppose if you look at my background, you could say I am middle
class.
Rob: Yes, me too – middle class. So we belong to a social group that
consists of well-educated people, who have good jobs and are
neither very rich nor very poor.
Neil: Well we are certainly not rich! But being middle class is not just a
British thing.
Rob: No – the number of middle class people around the world is rising
as people earn more money. So, for your question today Neil, can
you guess how many people are predicted to be middle class in the
world by 2030?
a) 2.9 billion
b) 3.9 billion
c) 4.9 billion
Neil: Such large numbers, I don’t know. I’ll go for b) 3.9 billion.
Rob: We’ll find out the answer later. So, being middle class involves a
number of factors – good education, a good job, sometimes owning
your own home and having a number of possessions like a car or
a TV.
Neil: It’s quite a privileged or comfortable position to be in – but the
most important factor is having disposable income – that’s spare
money to spend on more than just things you need for everyday
survival, like food. That’s what you’ve got Rob, right?
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Rob: A little – spare money to spend on little luxuries like a holiday, a
computer or a meal at a restaurant. But we always complain we
never have enough money, don't we!
Neil: Yes, we do: the UN says to be middle class you have to earn
between $10 and $100 per day. In the UK I think that’s quite a
small amount so we could say, very generally, we are quite welloff
– but in places such as Asia there has been a huge shift recently
from people in poorer working class jobs to middle class ones.
Rob: It’s interesting: that by 2030 there could be 3.2 billion middle class
people in Asia – overtaking Europe and America. The BBC’s John
Sudworth can explain what is happening now in China. What does
he say people are becoming?
BBC reporter, John Sudworth:
Now there’s a new chapter, the farmers leaving these fields for cities like
Zhengzhou, are becoming not just workers but consumers too. In short –
they’re off to join the middle class.
Neil: So, people are now moving to the city not just to find work but to
spend the money they earn. They are becoming consumers
because their income – the money they earn – has gone up.
Rob: So, this is because of industrialisation – a change from an
economy based on farming to a growth in factories making things.
Now, this happened in China in the 1970s but it is now upgrading
or improving its industries again making people wealthier.
Neil: This has led to a consumer society – that’s where people are
spending money on things like fridges and washing machines.
Rob: Let’s hear from John Sudworth again, talking about a consumer
from China – what does this woman do if she can’t afford to buy
something?
BBC reporter, John Sudworth:
Jessica Zhao earns a little more than $12,000 US dollars a year and she spends
every last bit of it, often with the help of a credit card. My parents would never
spend money they don’t have, she tells me, but attitudes are changing fast.
Neil: So that woman uses a credit card – it means she can buy now and
pay later. It’s a change in attitude – it’s not what our parents or
grandparents would do. I do it all the time. You pay for the goods
later but with a high interest rate. What have you bought with your
credit card recently Rob?
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Rob: A new carpet… a pair of jeans and some train tickets. But I’m not
looking forward to my credit card bill!
Neil: Nor me. You might think we are spending a lot – in China 2,500
vehicles are sold every hour!
Rob: Goodness. Well, the rise of the middle class could be a good thing.
As people’s standard of living improves, global poverty could be
reduced.
Neil: Ah, but if people borrow too much money there could be a credit
crunch – that’s a bad economic situation where banks do not want
to lend as much money.
Rob: But what I really want to know is when will I become upper class?
Neil: Sorry Rob, you’ll never get there – it’s all about your upbringing
and your family – something you can’t change, even with money.
But let’s prove how well educated I am by seeing if I got today’s
question right.
Rob: OK. Earlier I asked you how many people are predicted to be
middle class in the world by 2030?
Neil: I said 3.9 billion.
Rob: You were wrong. The figure is 4.9 billion. Now, Neil, could you
remind us of some of today's language?
Neil: obsession
possessions
privileged
disposable income
well-off
consumers
income
industrialisation
credit crunch
upgrading
consumer society
upbringing
Rob: OK that's it for this programme. Do join us again soon for more 6
Minute English from BBC Learning English.
Both: Bye.
