58 频度副词 Track50
表示动作发生的频率或次数。
（1）频度副词的种类
1）表示确切频率的副词或短语
daily weekly monthly yearly/annually twice a week/month/year
2）表示不确切频率的副词
表示肯定：
always often usually sometimes occasionally
frequently continually repeatedly once ever
表示否定：
never rarely seldom
（2）频度副词在句中的位置
1）表示不确切频率的副词通常是用在句中的。而其在句中的确切位置，还与句中的动词形式有关。具体来说有以下几种情况：
①用在实义动词之前，be（am，is，are，was，were）动词和助动词（will，should，have）之后。
a. I often do some shopping on weekends.
b. She is often late for school.
c. I have never seen him since we parted. 自从分别后我就再没见过他。
②若句中的谓语动词由多个部分组成，比如：will be done，should have done等，这时副词一般要放在第一个助动词之后。例如：
a. This project will never be finished.
b. You should never have trusted him. 你永远都不应该相信他。
③在加强语气的句子中，我们一般是把副词放在第一个助动词之前或be动词之前。例如：
a. You really will get a reward one day. 总有一天你会遭到报应的。
b. —As a teacher, you should always be patient with students.
—I always have been patient.
④在只有助动词而省去了实义动词的句子中，副词一定要放在这个助动词之前。例如：
a. —You should have known better than to trust him.
你早就应该知道他这个人靠不住。
—I never will. （省去了trust him）我今后再也不会相信他了。
b. —Can you find a place to park your car in the street?
—Yes, I usually can.
c. Plenty of teenagers with computer skills are skipping school, or at least deferring for a few years. But while some kids have found decent incomes without college, most never will.
很多具有电脑技术的青少年辍学或休学了，尽管有些孩子离开学校后找到了收入不菲的工作，但大多数永远不会。
副词也要用在省略了表语的be动词之前。
—I hear that his American girlfriend used to be his English teacher. 我听说他的美国女友曾是他的英语老师。
—No, she never was. 不，她从来不曾是。
2）表示确切频率的副词一般只能用于句末。例如：
a. Milk is delivered daily. 牛奶每天都送来。
不说：Milk is daily delivered.*
b. We have meetings twice a week.
比较：We often have meetings.
c. They will be paid yearly.
3）上述表示不确切频率的副词，有些也可以用于句首或句末。例如：
Often/Sometimes/Usually I work late into the night.
我常常/有时/通常工作到深夜。
often一般不单独放在句末，而须加very或quite修饰。例如：
a. He comes late for school quite often.
b. Often he comes late for school.
c. He often comes late for school.
4）always可在句末，但不能放在句首，除非用在祈使句中。例如：
a. You always make the same mistakes.
b. You make the same mistakes always.
不说：Always you make the same mistakes.*
但在祈使句中，我们说：
Always remember not to argue with your boss.
5）在否定句中的频度副词
在否定句中，有的频度副词位于not之前，有的频度副词位于not之后。这主要是从意思上来判断。一般来说，always要放在not之后（not always）；而often，sometimes，usually要放在not之前。例如：
a. He doesn't always leave before 6 o'clock, sometimes he works until 8 o'clock. （不总是）
b. His wife complains that he sometimes doesn't listen to her. （有时不）
c. The history lectures sometimes aren't interesting.
历史课有时很没劲。
不说：...he doesn't sometimes listen to her.*
...aren't sometimes interesting.*
6）否定频度副词never，rarely，seldom有两点须注意：
①不能再与否定词not连用。例如：
不说：He doesn't seldom go out at night.*
应说：He seldom goes out at night. 他晚上很少出门。
②一般只用在句中。若放在句首，则句子要用部分倒装。例如：
a. I have never heard such a story. 我从来没听说过这样的故事。
b. Never have I heard such a story.
总的来说，对于频度副词在句中所使用的位置，我们应注意以下几点：
1.表示不确切频率的副词通常用在句中，其在句中的具体位置又与句子的谓语动词形式有关。
2.表示确切频率的副词一般只用在句末。
3.要注意否定词与频度副词连用的位置关系。
