30 时间状语从句 Track 030
（1）时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来动作
a. I’ll speak to him when he arrives.
不说…when he will arrive.*
b. I’ll tell him about it when he comes back.
不说…when he will come back.*
（2）when
when的意思相当于at that time（在……时刻），从句的谓语动词通常是短暂性动词，表示瞬时的动作。注意主句和从句的时态。
例句
a. I’ll speak to him when he arrives.
b. I’ll tell him about it when he comes back .
c. When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
我到的时候，他正在打电话。
d. When I got there, he had already left.
我到那儿的时候，他已经走了。
e. When I got there, he was leaving the office.
我到的时候，他正准备离开办公室。
从句的谓语也可用延续性动词，这时从句往往用过去进行时态，表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作。例如：
f.The doorbell rang when I was telephoning.
（3）while
while的意思相当于during that time（在……期间），表示某一时间段内发生的动作。因此，从句谓语通常只用延续性动词。
例句
a. The phone rang while I was taking my bath.
b. The doorbell rang while we were watching TV.
c. A detective（侦探） arrested a criminal and was about to handcuff（上手铐） him when a huge gust（一阵狂风） of wind blew off the detective’s hat.
“Shall I go and fetch it?” the criminal asked.
“Do you take me for a fool?” asked the detective. “You wait here while I go and get it!”（此句中go and get虽然是短暂性动词，但两个动词连用表示的是一段时间内的活动。）
（4）until
1） 当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句通常用肯定形式。例如：
a. Wait until he comes back. （wait为延续性动词）
b. We’ll stay here till it stops raining. （stay为延续性动词）
c. Until I came back, he had been waiting for me at my home.
2）若主句谓语动词是短暂性动词，则主句要用否定形式。这就是我们常说的“not…until…（直到……才……）”结构。
例句
a. I did not realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
直到我长大成人以后，我才懂得母亲是多么不平凡。
b. Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth century.
c. I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
我昨晚直到12点钟才睡觉。
d. He didn’t leave the office until his boss came back.
直到老板回来之后他才离开办公室。
3）我们还可以把not…until转换成倒装句型：
a. Not until 12 o’clock last night did I go to bed.
b. Not until his boss came back did he leave the office.
可见，当Not until提前至句首时，主句用部分倒装。
（5）表示“一……就……”的连词
表示“一……就……”的连词有：as soon as, once, immediately,the moment。这些连词后通常接短暂性动词，表示瞬间动作。注意分析下列句子：
a. We will leave as soon as it stops raining.
雨一停，我们就动身离开。
b. Once it stops raining, we will leave.
c. It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.
我刚到家，天就下起雨来。
d. It began to rain immediately I arrived home.
e. It began to rain the moment I arrived home.
（6）by the time
by the time的意思是“当……时候”，强调的是“一个动作在另外一个动作发生时已经完成”。因此，与by the time从句搭配的主句要用完成时态。注意下句时态搭配：
a. I’ll speak to him when he arrives.
不说…when he will arrive.*
b. I’ll tell him about it when he comes back.
不说…when he will come back.*
（2）when
when的意思相当于at that time（在……时刻），从句的谓语动词通常是短暂性动词，表示瞬时的动作。注意主句和从句的时态。
例句
a. I’ll speak to him when he arrives.
b. I’ll tell him about it when he comes back .
c. When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
我到的时候，他正在打电话。
d. When I got there, he had already left.
我到那儿的时候，他已经走了。
e. When I got there, he was leaving the office.
我到的时候，他正准备离开办公室。
从句的谓语也可用延续性动词，这时从句往往用过去进行时态，表示过去某一时间正在发生的动作。例如：
f.The doorbell rang when I was telephoning.
（3）while
while的意思相当于during that time（在……期间），表示某一时间段内发生的动作。因此，从句谓语通常只用延续性动词。
例句
a. The phone rang while I was taking my bath.
b. The doorbell rang while we were watching TV.
c. A detective（侦探） arrested a criminal and was about to handcuff（上手铐） him when a huge gust（一阵狂风） of wind blew off the detective’s hat.
“Shall I go and fetch it?” the criminal asked.
“Do you take me for a fool?” asked the detective. “You wait here while I go and get it!”（此句中go and get虽然是短暂性动词，但两个动词连用表示的是一段时间内的活动。）
（4）until
1） 当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句通常用肯定形式。例如：
a. Wait until he comes back. （wait为延续性动词）
b. We’ll stay here till it stops raining. （stay为延续性动词）
c. Until I came back, he had been waiting for me at my home.
2）若主句谓语动词是短暂性动词，则主句要用否定形式。这就是我们常说的“not…until…（直到……才……）”结构。
例句
a. I did not realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
直到我长大成人以后，我才懂得母亲是多么不平凡。
b. Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth century.
c. I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
我昨晚直到12点钟才睡觉。
d. He didn’t leave the office until his boss came back.
直到老板回来之后他才离开办公室。
3）我们还可以把not…until转换成倒装句型：
a. Not until 12 o’clock last night did I go to bed.
b. Not until his boss came back did he leave the office.
可见，当Not until提前至句首时，主句用部分倒装。
（5）表示“一……就……”的连词
表示“一……就……”的连词有：as soon as, once, immediately,the moment。这些连词后通常接短暂性动词，表示瞬间动作。注意分析下列句子：
a. We will leave as soon as it stops raining.
雨一停，我们就动身离开。
b. Once it stops raining, we will leave.
c. It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.
我刚到家，天就下起雨来。
d. It began to rain immediately I arrived home.
e. It began to rain the moment I arrived home.
（6）by the time
by the time的意思是“当……时候”，强调的是“一个动作在另外一个动作发生时已经完成”。因此，与by the time从句搭配的主句要用完成时态。注意下句时态搭配：
