78 被动语态中的介词短语by sb.可以省略 Track 078
被动语态在使用中是可以不带by短语的,即不给出动作的实施者,因为有些情况下不需要知道动作的实施者,或谁是实施者并不重要。具体情况包括:
(1)动作的实施者很明显,因而没有必要提到
a. The rubbish hasn’t been collected.
垃圾还没有被清走。
b. Your hand will be X-rayed.
你的手要拍X光片。
c. The streets are swept every day.
街道每天都清扫。
(2)不知道谁是动作的实施者或没有必要提及动作的实施者
a. The President has been murdered.
总统被暗杀了。
b. My car has been moved!
我的车被人挪动过。
c. Rice is grown in many countries.
很多国家种植水稻。
d. The library was built in 1890.
该图书馆建于1890年。
(3)动作的实施者泛指“人们”
主动句
a. People believe him to be honest.
人们相信他是诚实的。
b. People suspected him of receiving stolen goods.
人们怀疑他接受了赃物。
被动句
c. He is believed to be honest.
相信他是诚实的。
d. He was suspected of receiving stolen goods.
他被怀疑接受了赃物。
可以这样使用的动词还有:
acknowledge assume believe consider
estimate feel find know
presume report say think
(4)当动作的实施者是不定代词one或you和they时,常可用被动语态
a. One/You see this kind of advertisement everywhere.
可改为:This kind of advertisement is seen everywhere.
这样的广告随处可见。
b. They are building a new public library in our town.
可改为:A new public library is being built in our town.
我们小镇上正在兴建一个新的公共图书馆。
(5)在主从复合句中,使用被动语态可避免改变句子主语 (这时可以用by引出动作实施者)
(1)动作的实施者很明显,因而没有必要提到
a. The rubbish hasn’t been collected.
垃圾还没有被清走。
b. Your hand will be X-rayed.
你的手要拍X光片。
c. The streets are swept every day.
街道每天都清扫。
(2)不知道谁是动作的实施者或没有必要提及动作的实施者
a. The President has been murdered.
总统被暗杀了。
b. My car has been moved!
我的车被人挪动过。
c. Rice is grown in many countries.
很多国家种植水稻。
d. The library was built in 1890.
该图书馆建于1890年。
(3)动作的实施者泛指“人们”
主动句
a. People believe him to be honest.
人们相信他是诚实的。
b. People suspected him of receiving stolen goods.
人们怀疑他接受了赃物。
被动句
c. He is believed to be honest.
相信他是诚实的。
d. He was suspected of receiving stolen goods.
他被怀疑接受了赃物。
可以这样使用的动词还有:
acknowledge assume believe consider
estimate feel find know
presume report say think
(4)当动作的实施者是不定代词one或you和they时,常可用被动语态
a. One/You see this kind of advertisement everywhere.
可改为:This kind of advertisement is seen everywhere.
这样的广告随处可见。
b. They are building a new public library in our town.
可改为:A new public library is being built in our town.
我们小镇上正在兴建一个新的公共图书馆。
(5)在主从复合句中,使用被动语态可避免改变句子主语 (这时可以用by引出动作实施者)
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