55 关于分词短语作状语时的逻辑主语问题 Track53
如同前文讨论的不定式和动名词，分词也有逻辑主语的问题。关于分词的逻辑主语主要涉及三种不同情况：
（1）主语一致：分词短语的动作应该由句子主语发出
一般来讲，分词短语作状语时，其动作应该是由句子主语发出的。也就是说，分词短语的逻辑主语必须与句子主语是一致的，否则句子意思在逻辑上就讲不通。先看下面典型的错误句子：
a. Looking out of the window, there are lots of people in the street.*
b. Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.*
c.After doing my homework, the dog was fed.*
d.When using the computer, the password must be remembered.*
e. Arriving home, the door was found locked.*
f .Being a pop fan, Celine Dion is her favorite.*
上面的句子都因为分词的动作与句子主语不搭配而错误。我们可以将它们作一下调整：
a. Looking out of the window, I saw lots of people in the street.
这里looking的动作是由I发出的，即I 是looking的逻辑主语，原分词短语相当于When I looked out of the window...
b.As I was waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.或 Waiting for a bus, I saw a brick falling out of a window. / I came across a long lost friend.
c.After I did my homework, the dog was fed. 或最好改为：After doing my homework, I fed the dog.
d.When using the computer, you must remember the password.
e. Arriving home, I found the door locked.
f. Being a pop fan, she likes Celine Dion most.
g.After seeing the movie, _________.
A. the book was read by him
B. the book mad him want to read it
C. the reading of the book interested him
D. he wanted to read the book
正确答案：D。
h.Returning to my apartment, _________.
A. my watch was missing
B. I found my watch disappeared
C. I found my watch missing
D. The watch was missed
正确答案：C。
i. in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.
A. To look at
B. Looking at
C. Looked at
D. To be looked at
正确答案：C。
（2）有自己主语的分词结构——独立分词结构
分词短语的逻辑主语除了上文讲到的要与句子主语一致外，很多情况下，分词本身有自己意义上的主语，这时分词短语的动作和句子的谓语动作就不是由同一主语发出。这种“ 名词或代词+分词短语 ”的结构，在英语中被称为“独立分词结构”。这就类似于动名词的复合结构（my doing）和不定式的复合结构（for sb. to do）。
a. It being so nice a day, we go out for a walk.
b. Weather permitting , we'll be going fishing tomorrow.
c. All the money having been spent , we started looking for work.
钱全花光后，我们就开始找工作。
d. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.
谁都无话可说了，会议就结束了。
e.The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, one meaning danger and the other meaning opportunity.
中文中的“危机”分为两个字，一个意味着危险，另一个意味着机会。
f.So many directors _________, the board meeting had to be put off.
A. were absent
B. being absent
C. been absent
D. had been absent
正确答案：B。
g.Some snakes lay eggs, others_________birth to live offspring.
A. give
B. giving
C. they give
D. to have given
正确答案：B。
h.Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper_________it closely.
A. followed
B. to follow
C. following
D. being followed
正确答案：C。
（3）固定表达结构
在一些表示说话人态度的固定表达结构中，分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是不一致的。但因为这已是约定俗成的用法，所以是正确的。我们在运用时，只需记住这些特殊的表达方式即可。这种结构常见的有：
1）副词+ speaking ：如generally/strictly/broadly... speaking。
a. Generally speaking , men are stronger than women.（= If we are to speak generally, men...）
b. Strictly speaking , this is not a right answer.
2）分词 + 介词：如 judging from, talking of, allowing for（考虑到……），considering, assuming, supposing等。
a. Judging from his expression, he is in a lousy mood.
b. Allowing for her inexperience, she has done a good job.
c. Talking of English, she is the best speaker.
d. Taking everything into consideration , they ought to win this game.
3）分词+ that从句：如seeing that...（= since...既然……），consi-dering that...（= since...既然……），supposing that...（= if...假如……），granting that...（= though...尽管……），allowing that...（考虑到……）。
a .Considering that she has no experience, she has done a good job.
b .Considering how far from perfect most human brains are, there isn't much threat from a computer.
c. Supposing there was a war, what would you do?
d. Granting that he has made a mistake, he is not to blame, for he intended to help us.
（1）主语一致：分词短语的动作应该由句子主语发出
一般来讲，分词短语作状语时，其动作应该是由句子主语发出的。也就是说，分词短语的逻辑主语必须与句子主语是一致的，否则句子意思在逻辑上就讲不通。先看下面典型的错误句子：
a. Looking out of the window, there are lots of people in the street.*
b. Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.*
c.After doing my homework, the dog was fed.*
d.When using the computer, the password must be remembered.*
e. Arriving home, the door was found locked.*
f .Being a pop fan, Celine Dion is her favorite.*
上面的句子都因为分词的动作与句子主语不搭配而错误。我们可以将它们作一下调整：
a. Looking out of the window, I saw lots of people in the street.
这里looking的动作是由I发出的，即I 是looking的逻辑主语，原分词短语相当于When I looked out of the window...
b.As I was waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.或 Waiting for a bus, I saw a brick falling out of a window. / I came across a long lost friend.
c.After I did my homework, the dog was fed. 或最好改为：After doing my homework, I fed the dog.
d.When using the computer, you must remember the password.
e. Arriving home, I found the door locked.
f. Being a pop fan, she likes Celine Dion most.
g.After seeing the movie, _________.
A. the book was read by him
B. the book mad him want to read it
C. the reading of the book interested him
D. he wanted to read the book
正确答案：D。
h.Returning to my apartment, _________.
A. my watch was missing
B. I found my watch disappeared
C. I found my watch missing
D. The watch was missed
正确答案：C。
i. in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.
A. To look at
B. Looking at
C. Looked at
D. To be looked at
正确答案：C。
（2）有自己主语的分词结构——独立分词结构
分词短语的逻辑主语除了上文讲到的要与句子主语一致外，很多情况下，分词本身有自己意义上的主语，这时分词短语的动作和句子的谓语动作就不是由同一主语发出。这种“ 名词或代词+分词短语 ”的结构，在英语中被称为“独立分词结构”。这就类似于动名词的复合结构（my doing）和不定式的复合结构（for sb. to do）。
a. It being so nice a day, we go out for a walk.
b. Weather permitting , we'll be going fishing tomorrow.
c. All the money having been spent , we started looking for work.
钱全花光后，我们就开始找工作。
d. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.
谁都无话可说了，会议就结束了。
e.The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, one meaning danger and the other meaning opportunity.
中文中的“危机”分为两个字，一个意味着危险，另一个意味着机会。
f.So many directors _________, the board meeting had to be put off.
A. were absent
B. being absent
C. been absent
D. had been absent
正确答案：B。
g.Some snakes lay eggs, others_________birth to live offspring.
A. give
B. giving
C. they give
D. to have given
正确答案：B。
h.Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper_________it closely.
A. followed
B. to follow
C. following
D. being followed
正确答案：C。
（3）固定表达结构
在一些表示说话人态度的固定表达结构中，分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是不一致的。但因为这已是约定俗成的用法，所以是正确的。我们在运用时，只需记住这些特殊的表达方式即可。这种结构常见的有：
1）副词+ speaking ：如generally/strictly/broadly... speaking。
a. Generally speaking , men are stronger than women.（= If we are to speak generally, men...）
b. Strictly speaking , this is not a right answer.
2）分词 + 介词：如 judging from, talking of, allowing for（考虑到……），considering, assuming, supposing等。
a. Judging from his expression, he is in a lousy mood.
b. Allowing for her inexperience, she has done a good job.
c. Talking of English, she is the best speaker.
d. Taking everything into consideration , they ought to win this game.
3）分词+ that从句：如seeing that...（= since...既然……），consi-dering that...（= since...既然……），supposing that...（= if...假如……），granting that...（= though...尽管……），allowing that...（考虑到……）。
a .Considering that she has no experience, she has done a good job.
b .Considering how far from perfect most human brains are, there isn't much threat from a computer.
c. Supposing there was a war, what would you do?
d. Granting that he has made a mistake, he is not to blame, for he intended to help us.
