考点6 替代词it, that,(the)one(s), those的用法辨析
1. 替代词it, one, that辨析
it/one/that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。一般说来,it指代的是上文提到的同一物品,简单来说,就是指代同名同物;one与that则指代同名异物。
I have lost my umbrella; I’m looking for it.
我的伞丢了,我正在找它。(该句中it指前面提到的my umbrella)
I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. 我的伞丢了,我想我必须买一把了。
(one在该句中表泛指,因为my umbrella已经丢了)
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. 你买的伞要比我买的那把便宜。
(替代词that在该句中特指the umbrella I bought,以区别the umbrella you bought)
2. one与ones的区别
one=a/an+上文出现的名词,复数用ones,主格和宾格相同。
There are many schoolbags. I want to buy one.
有很多书包,我想买一个。(= I want to buy a schoolbag.)
The only jokes I tell are the ones that I hear from my friends.
我讲的笑话都是我从朋友那里听来的。(the ones相当于the jokes)
3. that与the+名词
that=the+上文出现的名词,包括可数名词单数和不可数名词,指代复数名词时用those。
The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Beijing. 南京的天气要比北京的热。
(that=the weather,但并非指上文的天气,而是另外一个天气)
注意
① 替代单数可数名词时用one和that均可,一般泛指用one(相当于a/an+名词);特指时用that(相当于the+名词)。
I don’t have a computer, and I’ve decided to buy one.
我没有电脑,我决定买一台。(表泛指,one=a computer)
The computer is different from that we are using. 这台电脑和我们正用的那台不一样。
(表特指,其中that也可表示为the one,含义相当于the computer)
② 后跟of短语时,一般只能用that(those)。
The light of the sun is much brighter than that of the moon.
太阳的光线要比月亮上的光线强烈得多。
③ 代替特指的可数名词时,若无前置定语,that或the one可以互相换用。
This film is more interesting than that(the one)we saw last night.
这部电影比我们昨天晚上看的那部有趣得多。