考点4 状语从句和状语的相互转换

1. 状语从句转换为分词短语

状语从句主句和从句一致时，转换为分词短语。

After he turned off the TV, he went out of the room.

→Having turned off the TV, he went out of the room. 他关闭电视机后走出了房间。

When the city is seen from the mountain, it looks much more beautiful.

→Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.

从山上看，这座城市看起来更漂亮。

2. 状语从句转换为独立主格结构

状语从句主句和从句不一致，转换为独立主格结构。

If weather permits, we’ll have the meeting in the open air.

→（With）Weather permitting, we’ll have the meeting in the open air.

如果天气允许，我们将在室外召开这次会议。

3. 状语从句转换为介词短语

由after/before/since/as soon as等引导的时间状语从句，可改为after/before/since/on+动名词短语结构。当主从句主语一致时，可使用动名词的复合结构。

Before he dived into the lake, he made a deep breath.

→Before diving into the lake, he made a deep breath.

在跳入湖中之前，他深深地吸了一口气。

可以用来代替状语从句的常见介词短语有：because of/at the age of/in spite of/as a result of等。

He is absent today because he is ill

→He is absent today because of illness. 他今天缺席是因为生病了。

4. 状语从句转换为动词不定式短语

状语从句还可以根据情况转换为不定式短语。

He is so strong that he can lift the heavy stone.

→He is strong enough to lift the heavy stone. 他很强壮，足以搬动这块重石。

He was so weak that he couldn’t go a step further.

→He was too weak to go a step further. 他太虚弱了，无法再挪动一步。

He stood in the front of the classroom in order that he could see the picture clearly.

→He stood in the front of the classroom in order to（so as to/to）see the picture clearly.

他站在教室前面，以便能清楚地看到图片。

注意

主语和状语的逻辑主语要保持一致性。下列5个句子都是错误的，在书面表达中应当避免：

At the age of five, his father died.

To improve your English, reading is necessary.

Being a fine day, we went out for a play.

While waiting for the bus, my wallet missed.

Giving more time, I can do it better.

上述句子的正确表达应当是：

When he was at the age of five, his father died.

To improve your English, you should read a lot.

It being a fine day, we went out for a play.

While waiting for the bus, I lost my wallet.

Given more time, I can do it better.

个别短语如generally speaking（一般来说）、strictly speaking（严格地说）、judging from...（依据……判断）、to tell you the truth（说实话），作为插入语使用，不受主语和状语的逻辑主语一致的限制。

To tell you the truth, your conclusion sounds strange.

告诉你实话，你的结论听起来很奇怪。