阅读理解分析（A） 如何巧战“细节题”？

解题思路

细节题考查考生对文章中某个句子或某个段落的理解，把握有关细节的具体内容或确切意义，判断有关细节在文中所起作用的能力。近年来，职称英语考试阅读理解部分对于细节题考查的比重逐年增大。考题主要有以下五种类型：

1．正误题：出题形式通常是三正一误或三误一正，常见的问题形式有：

Which of the following is true except...?/not mentioned?/mentioned?/mentioned in... except...?

解答此类正误题，要将所给出的选项与原文中的相关内容进行对比，采取排除法等找到正确答案。

［温馨提示］

要认真确定题干中的Except或Not等词，确定问题是要求寻找正确的选项还是错误的选项。原文中未提到的概念或选项可优先排除。

2．例证题：例证题通常以example，for example，for instance，such as和as等为标志性词语，常见的问题形式有：

The example in the last paragraph is used to illustrate________.

The author wants to prove with the example of... that________.

The author provides in Line.../Paragraph... an example in order to________.

在阅读原文的过程中，遇到上述标志性的词语就标示出来，以便于查找。

［温馨提示］

例子前后所出现的说明性或总结性的句子，往往就是答案；这些说明性或总结性的句子前有时会伴有提示词，如but，therefore，in a word等。

3．数字题：对于按时间顺序组织的文章，文中出现年代或时间的频率较高，故容易出与数字相关的考题。考生应在阅读原文的同时，圈画出有关的数字信息，以便于查找。考题可能直接考查数字、年代或时间，也可能会涉及一些简单的计算，考生只要圈画好重点数字，就可快速找出答案。

4．原因题：考查文中因果或条件关系的细节信息，常见的问题形式有：

According to the passage, when (where, why, who, which, how)...?

...because________.

The reason for... is that________.

文章中细节性的因果关系通常由一些表示因果关系的名词、动词、连词、介词、副词等来表达，而文章中细节性的条件关系通常由一些表示条件关系的从句或动词表达。

5．比较题：阅读理解中的比较题通常会出现表示比较意义、绝对意义和唯一性的词汇或结构，考生在阅读的同时，圈画出重点词汇，就能够准确定位，找出正确答案。

真题回放

Two People, Two Paths

You must be familiar with the situation: Dad's driving, Mum's telling him where to go. He's sure that they need to turn left. But she says it's not for another two blocks. Who has the better sense of direction? Men or women?

They both do, a new study says, but in different ways.

Men and women, Canadian researchers have found, have different methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks (地标) and head off in what they think is the right direction. Women, however, try to picture the whole route in detail and then follow the path in their head.

Women tend to be more detailed, said Edward Cornell, who led the study, "while men tend to be a little bit faster and... a little bit more intuitive (直觉感知的)."

In fact, said Cornell, "sense of direction" isn't one skill but two.

The first is the "survey method". This is when you see an area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, where the hospital is, where the church is and that the supermarket is on its right.

The second skill is the "route method". This is when you use a series of directions. You start from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphill and then you see the supermarket.

Men are more likely to use the survey method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions.

Both work, and neither is better.

Some scientists insist that these different skills have a long history. They argue it is because of the difference in traditional roles.

In ancient times, young men often went far away with the older men to fish or hunt. The trip took hours or days and covered unfamiliar places. The only way to know where you were was to use the survey method to remember landmarks—the mountains. the lakes and so on.

The women, on the other hand, took young girls out to find fruits and plants. These activities were much closer to home but required learning well-used paths. So, women's sense of space was based on learning certain routes.

31. When finding his way dad tends to rely on________.

A. his intuitive knowledge

B. his book knowledge

C. mum's assistance

D. the police's assistance

32. Women are more likely to use________.

A. the survey method

B. the traditional method

C. the route method

D. the right method

33. Which works better, the route method or the survey method?

A. The survey method.

B. The route method.

C. Either.

D. Neither.

34. Which of the following is NOT a landmark?

A. A long river.

B. A high mountain.

C. A magnificent church.

D. A path in your head.

35. Women developed a sense of space out of the need________.

A. to go fishing

B. to go hunting

C. to learn well-used paths

D. to go swimming

［答案解析］

31．A。［解析］细节考查题。题干问找路时爸爸依赖的是什么？参见第四段，男人直觉感更多一些。故正确答案为A。

32．C。［解析］细节考查题。题干问女人倾向于使用哪种方法。参见第三段最后一句，女人是试图先把整个路线详详细细地记住，然后跟着脑子里的线路走。故正确答案为C。

33．D。［解析］涉及比较的细节考查题。题干问路线法和测量法哪个更好。参见倒数第四段，两种都可以，不能说一种比另一种更好。故正确答案为D。

34．D。［解析］三正一误细节考查题。题干问以下四个选项哪一项不是地标。显而易见选项D“大脑里的线路”并不属于路标。故正确答案为D。

35．C。［解析］细节考查题。题干问女人的方位感是出于怎样的需要而形成的。参见最后一段的第二句。故正确答案为C。根据常识也可排除选项A、B和D。

Achilles' heel

细节题考查考生对于细节信息的理解，那么细节定位就很重要。做题时考生应该找到这道题在文章中的位置，仔细阅读该句或该段再判断答案。切记不要只凭印象或个人对该问题的认识来做选择，因为出题人会安排一些你认为很合理却和文章叙述不符的干扰项。

One common and colorful misbelief is that the familiar garter snake swallows its young to protect them. The habits of this harmless snake are well known in the USA since it usually lives in areas such as parks and gardens. Like all snakes, the garter swallows the whole creatures for food. However, unlike most other common snakes, the garter snake bears its young alive, in liters (一窝) of up to 50. My guess is that our forefathers, observing the garter snakes' behavior, simply took it as true that the snake had swallowed its little ones in very day.

Which is TRUE about the garter snake?

A. It eats its young alive.

B. It frightens people.

C. It is often found in people's homes.

D. It doesn't lay eggs.

［典型错误］受到干扰项的影响。

［错因分析］阅读时不能紧紧抓住文章主题，或者没有把握住作者写作此文的真正意图，只记住了一些零星事实而偏离了主旨轨道。干扰项“鱼目混珠”，如果考生没有在深层次上理解文章，而是仅凭文中的部分细节，那么像A这样与原文内容惊人地相似的选项就极易被误选。

［正确答案］D

［归纳拓展］考生切忌片面，避免受到干扰项的影响。此外，细节题出题的顺序一般都是和文章的叙述顺序一致，故考生也可以先读题干部分的问题，然后带着问题读文章，以便准确找到该题目涉及的相关段落。对于较难的细节题，可以运用排除法。