188 no, not a,not any和not
1 no 作形容词用时,只能作定语,后跟单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词。no 和not a 或not any 常可换用,但使用场合有所不同。
比较下面不同的转换情况:
no+单数名词 →not a/ an+单数名词
no+复数名词 →not any+复数名词
no+不可数名词 →not any+不可数名词
No two men think alike. 没有两个人的想法是相同的。
There is no book on the desk. 桌上没有书 。(泛泛而谈 )
There is not a book on the desk. (强调没有一本 )
I have no umbrella . 我没有伞 。
I have not an umbrella .
They read no books . 他们不读书 。
They do not read any books .
There is no milk in the bottle. 瓶子里没有牛奶 。
There is not any milk in the bottle.
There will be no difficulty . 不会有困难 。
There will not be any difficulty .
2 no 用作形容词时,后面直接跟名词,中间不可有any, many, much, enough等词。
I have no ink. (正)我没有墨水了 。
I have not any ink. (正)
I have not enough not/ much ink. (正)我没有足够的/许多墨水了 。
I have no any ink. (误)
I have no enough ink. (误)
提示
注意下面两种否定形式的转换:
nothing→not anything
not...any one of them→肯定动词...none of them
He has nothing . 他一无所有。
He has not anything .
I do not know any one of them . 他们我一个也不认识。
I know none of them .
3 no+形容词或副词比较级+than 表示“两者都不”。
John is no taller than Mike. 约翰不比迈克高。(两人都矮 )
It is no warmer than it was yesterday. 今天不比昨天暖和。
比较
This picture is not better than that one. 这幅画不比那幅画好。
This picture is no better than that one. 这幅画一点不比那幅画好。(两幅画都不理想)
4 not 可以放在hope等动词后,相当于一个that引导的否定从句。
A: Will it rain tomorrow? 明天会下雨吗 ?
B: I hope not . 我希望不下雨 。
A: May I sit here? 我可以坐在这里吗 ?
B: I'm afraid not . 恐怕不行 。
5 not 可以表示部分否定。
Not everyone can do the work. 这项工作不是人人都能干的。
6 not 可以用在不定式前构成否定式。
Tell her not to come again. 告诉她不要再来了。