建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法，意为"换个方式的说法"。它是一种形象的描述，具有双重性，表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。
例如：
1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.
表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味：趁热打铁
2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.
表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑
11.Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式。如在指责过失。错误时，用赞同过失的说法，而在表扬时，则近乎责难的说法。
例如：
1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)
2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
12.Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义，借题发挥。作出多种解释，旁敲侧击，从而达到意想不到的幽默。滑稽效果。它主要以相似的词形。词意和谐音的方式出现。
例如：
1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.
2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
13.Parody 仿拟
这是一种模仿名言。警句.谚语，改动其中部分词语，从而使其产生新意的修辞。
例如：
1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的，而是以疑问为手段，取得修辞上的效果，其特点是：肯定问句表示强烈否定，而否定问句表示强烈的肯定。它的答案往往是不言而喻的。
例如：
1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
15.Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法。
例如：
1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
2>.You are staying; I am going.
3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.
16.Paradox 隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾，但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法，是一种矛盾修辞法.
例如：
1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达
2>.The child is the father to the man.(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大，四岁看老。
17.Oxymoron 反意法，逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法，用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。
例如：
1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
18.Climax 渐进法，层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小。轻重.深浅。高低等逐层渐进，最后达到顶点。可以增强语势，逐渐加深读者印象。
例如：
1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
19.Anticlimax 渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法，将一系列词语由大到小，由强到弱地排列。
例如：
1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
