名词是英语中最重要的词类之一。名词是指代人、事、物、概念等等的词语。英语中有七种类型的名词。下面是对这些类型的英语名词的简要解释。
1.Abstract Nouns
抽象名词
Abstract nouns are nouns that refer to concepts, ideas, emotions, etc.
抽象名词是指代概念、观点、情感等的词语。
Abstract nouns are nouns that you can not touch, are not made of materials, but play an important role in life. Here is a list of some common abstract nouns:
抽象名词指代的是那些我们触摸不到的事物，它们不是由某种材料制成的，但在生活中却起着重要作用。下面是一些常见的抽象名词的列表：
success
成功
depression
沮丧
love
爱
hate
反感
anger
愤怒
power
力量
importance
重要性
tolerance
容忍
Tom has had a lot of success this past year.
在过去的一年来，汤姆捷报频传。
Many people prefer to let love inspire them rather than hate.
比起被仇恨驱使，许多人都更情愿得到爱的鼓舞。
Jack has little tolerance forpeople who waste his time.
杰克很难容忍浪费他的时间的人。
The desire for power has ruined many good people.
许多优秀的人都是毁在对力量的渴望下。
2.Collective Nouns
集合名词
Collective nouns refer to groups of various types. Collective nouns are most commonly used with groups of animals. Collective nouns can be used in both the singular and plural, although collective nouns tend to be used in the singular. Here are some common collective nouns referring to groups of animals:
集合名词指代的是一组不同类型的事物。集合名词最常用于表示一群动物。虽然有想单数形式演变的趋势，集合名词可以是单数形式，也可以是复数形式。
herd
兽群
litter
一窝(幼崽)
pack
一群
swarm
蜂群
hive
热闹的人群
The herd of cattle moved to a new field to graze.
牛群来到新的地方吃草。
Be careful! There's a hive of bees near here.
小心!那儿有一群蜜蜂。
Collective nouns are also commonly used for names of institutions and groups within institutions such as academic, business and governmental organizations.
集合名词通常也可以用来指代体系和体系下团体的名称，例如学院、商业和政府组织。
department
部门
firm
公司
party
政党
staff
员工
team
团队
Staff will meet at ten thirty tomorrow morning.
员工们会在明天早上十点半集会。
The sales department met its goals last quarter.
上个季度，销售部达到了要求。
3.Common Nouns
普通名词
Common nouns refer to categories of things in general, never to specific examples something that are named. In other words, when speaking about education in general someone might refer to 'university' in a general sense.
普通名词指代的是常见事物的种类，而不是某个具体事物的名称。也就是说，通常我们提到教育时，一般意义上来说可能会想到“大学”。
I think Tom should go to university to study science.
我认为，汤姆应该去大学学习科学。
In this case, 'university' is a common noun. On the other hand, when 'university' is used as part of a name it becomes part of a proper noun (see below).
在这种情况下，university(大学)是一个普通名词。另一方面，当university用作某个名称的一部分时，它就属于专有名词(见下文)。
Meredith decided to go to the University of Oregon.
梅雷迪斯决定去俄勒冈大学。
Note that common nouns that are used as the part of a name and become proper nouns are always capitalized. Here are some common nouns that are often used as common nouns and part of names.
注意，普通名词用于指代名称时就成了专有名词，这时应该大写。下面是一些常见的用于事物名称的普通名词。
university
大学
college
学院
school
学校
institute
学会
department
部门
state
州
There are a number of states which are in financial difficulty.
许多州都陷入了财政危机。
I think you need to go to college.
我觉得，你需要上大学。
4.Concrete Nouns
具体名词
Concrete nouns refer to things that you can touch, taste, feel, see, etc. There are actual things that we interact with on a daily basis. Concrete nouns can be both countable and uncountable. Here are some typical concrete nouns:
具体名词时代的是你可以触摸、品尝、感觉、看到等等的事物。我们每天都可以接触到一些实实在在的物体。具体名词有可数的，也有不可数的。下面是一些典型的具体名词。
Countable Concrete Nouns
可数的具体名词
orange
橙子
desk
书桌
book
书
car
车
house
房子
Uncountable Concrete Nouns
不可数的具体名词
rice
米饭
water
水
pasta
意大利面
whiskey
威士忌
There are three oranges on the table.
桌上有三个橙子。
I need some water. I'm thirsty!
我需要一些水。我渴了!
My friend has just bought a new car.
我朋友刚买了一辆新车。
Can we have rice for dinner?
晚餐吃米饭好吗?
The opposite of concrete nouns are abstract nouns that do not refer to things we touch, but to things we think, ideas we have, and emotions we feel.
与具体名词相对立的就是抽象名词，它们指代的不是可以触碰到的事物，而是我们的想法、观点和感情。
5.Pronouns
代词
Pronouns refer to people or things. There are a number of pronoun forms depending on how the pronouns are used. Here are the subject pronouns:
代词是指代人或物的词。代词的数取决于它们使用的方式。下面是主格代词：
I
我
you
你
he
他
she
她
it
它
we
我们
you
你们
they
他们
He lives in New York.
他住在纽约。
They like pizza.
他们喜欢吃披萨。
6.Proper Nouns
专有名词
Proper nouns are the names of people, things, institutions, nations, etc. Proper nouns are always capitalized. Here are some examples of common proper nouns:
专有名词指代的是人、事物、机构、国家等的名称。专有名词经常大写。下面是一些常见的专有名词：
Canada
加拿大
University of California
加利福利亚大学
Tom
汤姆
Alice
爱丽丝
Tom lives in Kansas.
汤姆住在堪萨斯州。
I'd love to visit Canada next year.
明年我想去加拿大。
7.Uncountable Nouns / Mass Nouns / Non-Count Nouns
不可数名词/物质名词/不可数名词
Uncountable nouns are also referred to as mass nouns or non-count nouns. Uncountable nouns can be both concrete and abstract nouns and are always used in the singular form because they can not be counted. Here are some common uncountable nouns:不可数名词也可以被称为mass nouns o或non-count nouns。
不可数名词既可以是具体名词，也可以是抽象名词。它们常以单数形式出现，因为是不可数的。下面是一些常见的不可数名词：
rice
米饭
love
爱
time
时间
weather
天气
furniture
家具
We're having lovely weather this week.
这周的天气真好。
We need to get some new furniture for our home.
我们需要给家里添置一些新家具。
Uncountable nouns can generally do not take a definite or indefinite article depending on usage.
一般来说，不可数名词前面不用加上定冠词或不定冠词。
Noun Types Quiz
名词种类测验
Decide whether the following nouns in italics are abstract, collective, proper, common, or concrete nouns.
判断下面的斜体名词是不是抽象名词、集合名词、专有名词、普通名词或具体名词。
1. There are two books on that table.
桌上有两本书。
2. That pack of students are on their way to classes.
这群学生在去上课的路上。
3. I grew up inCanada.
我在加拿大长大。
4. She went to university in Alabama.
她去了阿拉巴马读大学。
5. You'll find that success can lead to pain as well as pleasure.
你会发现，成功不仅会带来快乐，也会带来痛苦。
6. The team chose Barney as their leader.
这个团队选择了巴尼作为他们的领导。
7. Have you ever tried straight whiskey?
你喝过不加冰块的威士忌吗?
8. I don't think he's in politics for power.
我觉得他手中没有政权。
9. Let's make some pasta for dinner.
做点意大利面当晚餐吧。
10. Be careful! There is a swarm of bees over there.
小心!那里有一大群蜜蜂。
Answers
答案
1. books - concrete noun
具体名词
2. pack - collective noun
集合名词
3. Canada - proper noun
专业名词
4. university - common noun
普通名词
5. success - abstract noun
抽象名词
6. team - collective noun
集合名词
7. whiskey - concrete noun (uncountable)
具体名词(不可数)
8. power - abstract noun
抽象名词
9. pasta - concrete noun (uncountable)
具体名词(不可数)
10. swarm - collective noun
集合名词
