比方说写人的时候,我们常常为了立体全面的介绍一个人而大费周章连续使用两个,三个甚至是四个句子来介绍。这样一来不仅笔墨费尽,而且还往往吃力不讨好。试比较一下两组不同的写法:
1. William Shakespeare is British. He was considered to be one of the greatest writers in England. He was famous for his plays.
2. William Shakespeare, a British, who was considered to be one of the greatest writers in England, was famous for his plays.
通过对比大家会发现两点:
一、第二种写法的质量明显更高,它满足了我们在写作中对长句的需求。
二、这两组句子在内容上没有任何区别,区别的仅仅是形式。
但是同时大家也会思考:这只是一个例子,是否具有普遍性或者普遍意义?答案是肯定的。首先,这个句子的普遍性在于这个句子的本身的作用。它本身的形式可以放在任何一篇写人记事的文章开头,也可以放在任何一篇议论文中引入例子的时候用于介绍例子当中的主要人物的背景。在新概念英语三册中就可以找到不少的这样的句子的范本,比如:
【Lesson17, NCEIII】Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbor in 1524 and named it Angouleme.
【Lesson24, NCEIII】… the heroine, a dear old lady, who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
试比较:
1.Verrazano was an Italian. Little is known about him. He sailed into New York Harbor in 1524 and named it Angouleme.
2.The heroine was a dear old lady. She had always been so kind to everybody. She had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
经过以上的分析之后,相信剩下的问题就只剩下一个:面对这样的句子我们应该如何去操作呢?操作的部分分两步:长句都是由短句合并而来,所以我们首先需要对简单的短句进行分析,然后再选择合适的语法手段将之合并。通过分析不难发现,这三个短句所讨论的都是同一主体。这时候就可以使用各种可以做后置修饰或补充说明的语法手段将三个短句有机的结合起来。这些语法手段中包括了:分词作后置定语,不定式做后置定语,同位语等等。