根据英国《金融时报》(Financial Times)看到的文件，Facebook曾被告知，一款App可能会把用户数据出售给第三方。该App正是此次大规模数据泄露事件的焦点。这引出了关于Facebook如何保护用户数据的新问题。
The social network was sent terms and conditions for the second version of the survey app, which pulled user data that was then leaked to Cambridge Analytica, the data analytics firm. These contradicted Facebook’s own platform policies, according to Chris Wylie, the former Cambridge Analytica employee turned whistleblower.
Facebook曾收到该款调查性App第二版的条款和条件文件，正是该App收集用户数据并泄露给了数据分析公司剑桥分析(Cambridge Analytica)。剑桥分析的一名前雇员、后来出面揭发的克里斯•怀利(Chris Wylie)表示，这些条款和条件与Facebook自己平台的政策相抵触。
But the social network relied on an automated process to accept updates, so no employee at Facebook may have seen the app’s new policy, which disclosed that it could sell and transfer the data.
但是，Facebook使用一个自动程序来接受更新，因此其员工可能都没看到该App的新政策，其中写明了它可能会向第三方出售和传输数据。
The first version of the app, which was reviewed by Facebook, said the opposite: it claimed to be a “research program” and said “users will be informed that the data will be carefully protected and never used for commercial purposes”, the social network said. 经过Facebook审核的该App第一版政策与此相反：据Facebook表示，该App自称是一款“研究程序”，并称“用户将得知这些数据将得到谨慎保护，永远不会被用于商业用途”。
But the Financial Times has seen a copy of a document submitted to the company by Aleksandr Kogan, the academic who built the survey app that ran on the social network. The data collected via the app was passed on to Cambridge Analytica and used to gather the information of up to 50m users.
但是，英国《金融时报》看到了由开发该App的学者亚历山大•科根(Aleksandr Kogan)提交给Facebook的文件的复印件。通过该App收集的数据被传给了剑桥分析，曾经收集了多达5000万用户的信息。
In the document, Global Science Research, Mr Kogan’s company, outlined terms and conditions that asked users for permission to collect information, including their likes and status updates as well as those of their Facebook friends. The terms stated that the company would have the right to “edit, copy, disseminate, publish, transfer, append or merge with other databases, sell, license . . . and archive your contribution and data”.
在该文件中，科根的全球科学研究公司(Global Science Research)列出了条款和条件，其中要求用户允许其收集信息，包括用户的点赞、状态更新及Facebook上好友的信息。条款称，该公司将有权“对你发表的内容和数据进行编辑、复制、传播、发布、传输、加入或并入其他数据库、出售、授权……以及归档”。
Mr Wylie told the Financial Times in an interview that Facebook “didn’t really do anything to safeguard the data”, adding that the terms and conditions raised questions about why Facebook agreed to an app that explicitly broke its rules.
怀利在接受英国《金融时报》采访时称Facebook“实际上没有采取任何措施来保护数据”，并称这些条款和条件引出了一个问题：Facebook为何允许这样一款明确违反其规定的App在其平台上发布?
“There were a lot of apps at the time that were pulling lots of data — including from friend networks — and Facebook wasn’t exactly proactive in asking questions or finding out where that data went,” he said. “It is sort of an existential question for Facebook: do they want to be a data-harvesting company or do they want to be a community of users?”
“当时有很多App都在收集大量数据——包括从用户的朋友关系网收集的数据——而Facebook并没有主动询问或调查数据去向，”他表示，“对于Facebook来说，这是一个关乎其存在属性的问题：他们想成为数据收集公司，还是想成为用户社区?”
Facebook said its policies in 2014, when Mr Kogan collected the data, prohibited app developers from selling, licensing or purchasing any data obtained from Facebook or its services. The terms and conditions also prohibited apps from transferring data “to any ad network, data broker or other advertising or monetisation-related service”.
Facebook表示，2014年科根收集数据时，它的政策禁止App开发者出售、授权或购买从Facebook或其服务获得的任何数据。相关条款和条件还禁止App将数据传输给“任何广告网络、数据代理机构或其他广告或商业性相关服务”。
Mr Kogan told the Financial Times he was “surprised” at being accused of breaking Facebook’s policies. “I don’t know any app whose terms of service and privacy policy comply with what Facebook says is its privacy policy,” he said. “If they really care, then why do they do nothing to enforce it?”
科根向英国《金融时报》表示，他对被指控违反Facebook政策感到“惊讶”。“我不知道哪个App的服务条款和隐私政策符合Facebook所说的它的隐私政策，”他说，“如果他们真的在乎，那么为什么不采取行动加以落实呢?”
In separate documents published by the UK parliament’s digital, culture, media and sport committee on Thursday, Mr Kogan’s company was explicit that it was operating under Facebook’s old terms of service, and he would not be able to collect the data under the new policy which came into force for all apps in 2015. The documents that Mr Wylie handed to the committee included an agreement between GSR and SCL, Cambridge Analytica’s parent company, dated June 2014. This was after Facebook had announced a change for news apps but the social network allowed a year for existing apps to adjust.
在英国议会“数字化、文化、媒体和体育委员会”周四公布的其他文件中，科根的全球科学研究公司明确指出，它按照Facebook旧的服务条款运作，如果依据2015年生效的针对所有App的新政策，他就无法收集数据。怀利提交给该委员会的文件，包括全球科学研究公司与剑桥分析母公司战略通信实验室(SCL)于2014年6月达成的一份协议。在那之前Facebook宣布了针对新闻App的政策变更，但给已有的App一年的调整期。
Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s chief executive, said last week that his company had “made mistakes”. “There’s more to do, and we need to step up and do it,” he said. Facebook had already tightened the rules around app developers, including putting in place a more comprehensive app review process, before the revelations.
Facebook首席执行官马克•扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)上周表示，他的公司“犯了错误”。“还有很多事情要做，我们需要站出来做这些事，”他说。在被爆料之前，Facebook已着手收紧了与App开发者相关的规则，包括实施一套更全面的App审查流程。
Mr Zuckerberg said when Facebook was told by The Guardian in 2015 that Mr Kogan had shared data with Cambridge Analytica, it banned the app and asked both parties to “formally certify that they had deleted all improperly acquired data”.
扎克伯格表示，2015年《卫报》(Guardian)告诉Facebook科根把数据分享给了剑桥分析时，Facebook便禁止了该App，并要求双方“正式证实他们已删除所有不当获取的数据”。
