在雅思写作地图题（Map Task）中，为了准确描述地理位置、方向和变化，以下是一些必备的词汇和短语：

1.位置与方向：
位于：be located, be situated, be sited, lie
方位：in/on/to the east/west/north/south of
特定位置：in the northeast/southwest/center/part/side/core of
边缘：edge, brim, fringe, border
附近：near to, next to, adjacent to

2.变化与描述：
连接：link, connect
去掉：be demolished, be removed, be replaced by, vanish, disappear
重建：be reconstructed to a new one
转移：be relocated

3.其他描述性词汇：
顶点：top, peak, summit, climax, crest
底点：bottom, base, foot, lowest point
中心：center, middle
接近：proximity
远离：distant from

4.示例句子：
"The school is located in the northern part of the city, adjacent to the park."
"学校位于城市北部，毗邻公园"。

"The new shopping mall is situated just off the main highway, with easy access to all parts of the city."
"新购物中心位于主干道旁，可方便地通往城市的各个角落"。

"The old factory was demolished in order to make way for a new housing development."
"旧工厂被拆除，以便为新的住房开发项目让路"。

请注意，这些词汇和短语应根据具体的地图内容和题目要求进行选择和使用。在备考过程中，建议多练习地图题，熟悉各种地理现象和变化的表达方式，提高写作准确性和流畅性。