听力原文
American Etiquette
If you’ re invited to an American friend’s home for dinner,keep in mind1) these general rules for polite behavior.First of all,arrive approximately2) on time (but not early).Americans expect promptness3).It’ s OK to be 10or 15minutes late but not 45minutes late.Dinner might be overcooked and ruined by then.When you’ re invited to someone’ s home for a meal,it’ s polite to bring a small gift.Flowers or candy are always appropriate.If you have an attractive item made in your native country,your host and /or hostess would certainly enjoy receiving that as a gift.
Some Americans don’ t know about the dietary restrictions of various ethnic and religious groups.What do you do if you’ re served a food that you don’ t like or cannot eat?Don’ t make a fuss about it.If your host doesn’ t say anything about what you aren’ t eating,then you shouldn’ t,either.Simply eat what you can and hope that no one notices what you left.If you are questioned,you may have to admit that you don’ t eat meat(or whatever),but you can also say that you’ ve enjoyed the other foods and have had“more than enough”to eat.Don’ t make the cook feel obliged to prepare something else for you.Be sure to compliment the cook on the food that you enjoyed.
Don’ t leave immediately after dinner,but don’ t overstay your welcome,either.When your friends seem to be getting tired and running out of conversation,take their behavior as a cue to leave.The next day,call or write a thank-you note to say how much you enjoyed the evening.
If you invite someone to join you for d inner in a restaurant,phone the restaurant first to find out if you need a reservation in order to avoid a long wait for a table.To make a reservation,just give your name,the number of people in your group,and the time you plan to arrive.When you invite someone to dinner,you should be prepared to pay the bill and reach for it when it arrives.However,if your companion insists on paying his or her share,don’ t get into an argument about it.Some people prefer to pay their own way so that they don’ t feel indebted4),and those feelings should be respected.In most American restaurants,the waiter or waitress’s tip is not added to the bill.If the service was adequate,it’ s customary to leave a tip equal to about 15%of the bill.In expensive restaurants,leave a bit more.
American table manners are easy to learn by observation.A few characteristics to note:the napkin should not be tucked into the collar or vest but should be placed across the lap;the silverware5) placement is quite different from the European style,but you can’t go wrong if you use the piece of silverware furthest from the plate first and work your way in toward the plate as the meal progresses.Before cutting food,so me Americans switch their knife and fork to the opposite hands,but it isn’ t necessary to do this.
参考译文
美国人进餐的礼节
如果你应邀去一位美国朋友家共进晚餐,你应该记住以下这些礼貌行事的常规。首先,争取按时到达(但不要早到)。美国人希望守时。晚10分钟或15分钟并不成问题,但不应迟到45分钟。因为到那时菜肴或许会因烹饪时间过长而失去应有的美味。你应约去人家吃饭时,不妨带件小礼物以示礼貌。鲜花或糖果总是很相宜的。如果你带上件自己国家的特产,主人肯定会高兴地收下这一礼物。
有些美国人并不知道来自不同种族或有不同宗教信仰的人的饮食禁忌。如果你的盘中有你不喜欢吃或不能吃的东西,你该怎么办?可别大惊小怪的。如果主人对你不吃某种食物并没说些什么,那你也不要提起。只管吃你能吃的,也但愿人家没有注意你所剩的东西。如果你被问起,不妨承认你不吃肉(或别的什么),但你也可以说你吃了许多其它的饭菜,已经饱得不能再吃了。不应让准备饭菜的人觉得还应为你做些别的。一定要向厨师表示你对喜欢的菜肴的赞美。
不要吃完就走,但也不应逗留过长。如果你的朋友看上去已有些疲倦,你们似乎也没什么可聊的了,不妨看作是该告辞的时候。第二天,给朋友打个电话或写个感谢卡以表明自己昨晚过得很愉快。
如果你请别人去餐馆吃饭,应先给餐馆打个电话询问是否需要预定,以防到时为个桌位等候半天。预定时,只需说出你的名字、进餐人数和时间即可。你要是请人家吃饭,就应准备付账单,账单递上时应立即接过来。但如果你的同伴坚持各付各的,你也不必跟他/她争执不休。有些人愿意分摊,这样就不会感到欠人情,应该尊重这种心理。在大多数美国餐馆中,侍者的小费并不算在账单内。如果服务令你满意,依惯例你应留下约为账单15%的小费。在较高级的餐馆进餐后,应留下更多的小费。
美国人餐桌上的礼节经观察后还是容易掌握的。请注意如下一些特点:餐巾不应塞进衣领或背心内,而应放在腿上;餐具的摆法与欧式摆法大不相同,但只要你先从离餐盘最远的餐具开始,然后随着每道菜上桌依次使用越来越靠近餐盘的餐具就不会出错。在切食物之前,有些美国人会把刀叉换个手,但此举并不是必须的。
NOTE 注释:
1. keep in mind 记住,紧记
2. proximately [5prCksimitli] adv. 最好,最近地
3. promptness [prCmptnis] n. 敏捷, 机敏
4. indebted [in5detid] adj. 负债的, 感恩的
5. silverware [5silvE wZE] n. 银器