美语口音训练第一册第4课
教程:美语口音训练第一册  浏览:3922  
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    Chapter 1 American Intonation

    The American Speech Music

    What to Do with Your Mouth to Sound American

    One of the main differences between the way an American talks and the way the rest of the world

    talks is that we don't really move our lips. (So, when an American says, "Read my lips!" what does

    he really mean?) We create most of our sounds in the throat, using our tongue very actively. If you

    hold your fingers over your lips or clench your jaws when you practice speaking American English,

    you will find yourself much closer to native-sounding speech than if you try to pronounce every ...

    single ... sound ... very ... carefully.

    If you can relate American English to music, remember that the indigenous music is jazz. Listen to

    their speech music, and you will hear that Americans have a melodic, jazzy way of producing

    sounds. Imagine the sound of a cello when you say, Beddy bada bida beader budder (Betty bought a

    bit of better butter) and you'll be close to the native way of saying it.

    Because most Americans came from somewhere else, American English reflects the accent

    contributions of many lands. The speech music has become much more exaggerated than British

    English, developing a strong and distinctive intonation. If you use this intonation, not only will you

    be easier to understand, but you will sound much more confident, dynamic, and persuasive.

    Intonation, or speech music, is the sound that you hear when a conversation is too far away to be

    clearly audible but close enough for you to tell the nationality of the speakers. The American

    intonation dictates liaisons and pronunciation, and it indicates mood and meaning. Without

    intonation, your speech would be flat, mechanical, and very confusing for your listener. What is the

    American intonation pattern? How is it different from other languages? Foa egzampuru, eefu you

    hea ah Jahpahneezu pahsohn speakingu Ingurishu, the sound would be very choppy, mechanical,

    and unemotional to an American. Za sem vey vis Cheuman pipples, it sounds too stiff. A mahn frohm

    Paree ohn zee ahzer ahnd, eez intonashon goes up at zee end ov evree sentence, and has such a

    strong intonation that he sounds romantic and highly emotional, but this may not be appropriate for a

    lecture or a business meeting in English.

    1

    American Intonation Do's and Don'ts

    Do Not Speak Word by Word

    BOB IS ON THE PHONE

    If you speak word by word, as many people who learned "printed" English do, you'll end up

    sounding mechanical and foreign. You may have noticed the same thing happens in your own

    language: When someone reads a speech, even a native speaker, it sounds stiff and stilted, quite

    different from a normal conversational tone.



    + Connect words to form sound groups.

    This is where you're going to start doing something completely different than what you have

    done in your previous English studies. This part is the most difficult for many people because it

    goes against everything they've been taught. Instead of thinking of each word as a unit, think of

    sound units. These sound units may or may not correspond to a word written on a page. Native

    speakers don't say Bob is on the phone, but say [bbizn the foun]. Sound units make a sentence

    flow smoothly, like peanut butter— never really ending and never really starting, just flowing

    along. Even chunky peanut butter is acceptable. So long as you don't try to put plain peanuts

    directly onto your bread, you'll be OK.

    + Use staircase intonation.

    Let those sound groups floating on the wavy river in the figure flow downhill and you'll get the

    staircase. Staircase intonation not only gives you that American sound, it also makes you sound

    much more confident. Not every American uses the downward staircase. A certain segment of

    the population uses rising staircases—generally, teenagers on their way to a shopping mall: "Hi,

    my name is Tiffany. I live in La Canada. I'm on the pep squad."

    What Exactly Is Staircase Intonation?

    In saying your words, imagine that they come out as if they were bounding lightly down a flight

    of stairs. Every so often, one jumps up to another level, and then starts down again. Americans

    tend to stretch out their sounds longer than you may think is natural. So to lengthen your vowel

    sounds, put them on two stairsteps instead of just one.

    We're here. I

    We

    ///////// 're

    ///////// ///////// he

    ///////// ///////// ///////// re.

    ///////// ///////// ///////// /////////

    The sound of an American speaking a foreign language is very distinctive, because we double

    sounds that should be single. For example, in Japanese or Spanish, the word no is, to our ear,

    clipped or abbreviated.

    No

    /////////



    Clipped

    No

    ///////// ou

    ///////// /////////

    Standard American

    When you have a word ending in an unvoiced consonant—one that you "whisper" (t, k, s, x, f,

    sh)—you will notice that the preceding vowel is said quite quickly, and on a single stairstep.

    When a word ends in a vowel or a voiced consonant—one that you "say" (b, d, g, z, v, zh, j), the

    preceding vowel is said more slowly, and on a double stairstep.

    seat

    ////////////

    Unvoiced

    see

    ///////// eed

    ///////// /////////

    Voiced

    There are two main consequences of not doubling the second category of words: Either your

    listener will hear the wrong word, or even worse, you will always sound upset.

    3

    Consider that the words curt, short, terse, abrupt, and clipped all literally mean short. When applied

    to a person or to language, they take on the meaning of upset or rude. For example, in the

    expressions "His curt reply ...," "Her terse response...'' or "He was very short with me" all indicate a

    less than sunny situation.
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