Unit 1O Toward Better Health (Ⅱ)
Part Ⅰ Getting ready
People should eat a variety of foods, avoid too much fat, too much sugar and sodium. They should drink alcohol in moderation, if at all, and not smoke. But nowadays people are too busy to spend much time in the kitchen, so many prefer fast food. Can fast food offer us enough nutrition? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of fast food?
A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. All of them are related to food, and drinks. Listen carefully and study the definitions.
1. french fries: long thin pieces of potato deep fried in fat
2. hamburger: a flat round cake of finely cut beef, cooked and eaten in a round bread roll
3. coke: Coca-Cola, a sweet non-alcoholic carbonated drink of American origin
4. apple pie: a pastry cake filled with apples, baked in a deep dish
5. ketchup: a thick red liquid made from tomatoes, used for giving a pleasant taste to food
6. pepper: a hot-tasting greyish or pale yellowish powder made from crushed peppercorns, used for making food taste better
7. sirloin: beef cut from the best part of the lower back
8. steak: a thick flat piece of beef cut from the fleshy part and of good quality
9. chuck: beef cut from the side of cattle just above the top of the front legs
10. roll: a small loaf of bread for one person, either long or round
B Here are some short conversations which take place in snack bars. Please listen and then supply the missing words.
1. Woman: __________. May I help you?
Man: Yeah. I want a _________, _________, and a large _________.
Woman: _________, _________, large _________. That'll be _________.
2. Man: Who's _________?
Woman: I want an order of _________ and a small _________.
Man: Anything _________?
Woman: No, that's _________.
Man: How about a _________ or an _________?
Woman: No, just ________ and a small _________.
Man: OK. That's _________.
3. Woman: Yes, sir. What'll it _________ for you?
Man: Two __________ and _________.
Woman: Is there anything _________?
Man: No. that's _________.
Woman: Is this _________ or _________ here?
Man: We'll be eating here.
4. Man: Do you have any _______?
Woman: It's on the _______ counter.
Man: Where do you keep the _________ and _________?
Woman: You'll find it in the same place.
C The following conversation is about smoking. Please listen and then fill in the blanks with the numbers and years you hear on the tape.
Q: Cigarette smoking is not new. Why have people just started worrying about it so recently?
A: One reason is that smoking has increased so much in recent years. During the early _______, only about ___________ cigarettes were produced each year.
Q: Why do you say "only" ___________?
A: Because in the _______ the yearly production was about _________. And by the _______ manufacturers were producing ___________ each year.
Q: But many other things were also being produced in larger quantities. Why did people begin to think smoking was bad for the health?
A: Because lung cancer cases were increasing along with cigarette smoking. In _______ fewer than ______ Americans were listed as dying from lung cancer. By the _______ this number had grown to _________ per year. And in ________ the number was around _________.
Part Ⅱ How do you make hamburgers?
Thousands of roadside restaurants prepare and sell hamburgers and French fries. But still many housewives prefer to feed their kids with hamburgers made with their own hands.
A In this section you are going to hear a conversation about how to make hamburgers. While you listen, focus on the verbs and verb phrases, add more if you can in the verbs column.
B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the conversation. Pay more attention to the whole procedure of making hamburgers. Add more key words in the left-hand column. Complete the procedure in the right-hand column with the help of the verbs and notes.
Procedure
1. Buy ______________________________________；
2. Add ______________________________________；
3. Mix ______________________________________；
4. Divide ___________________________________；
5. Press _____________ and make _____________；
6. Put __________________ and ___________melt；
7. Put ______________________________________；
8. Cook _____________________________________；
9. Put ______________________________________；
10. Serve ____________________________________；
Part Ⅲ Dealing with growth: describing trends
Milk and milk products include full milk, skimmed milk, long life milk, milk drinks, cheese, yoghurt, ice-cream etc., all of which are well known for their abundant protein, phosphorus, and especially calcium. Milk is also rich in vitamins. Although milk is essential for children, for adults too much milk can cause unsaturated fatty acids to build in the blood system. Do you know what kind of milk is popular in the market today?
A The following words and expressions are used in a presentation. Listen to the words and expressions first. Study their definitions carefully.
1. implication: a possible later effect of an action or decision
2. pie chart: circular chart divided into segments
3. sector share: market share held by one product sector in the market
4. weight of publicity: great quantity or influence of publicity
5. low fat diet: regime of eating only food with no or low fat
6. initial: first
7. consumer resistance: consumers' negative attitude towards a product or service
8. consumer awareness: consumers' knowledge about a product or service
9. full milk: milk from which the cream has not been removed
10. skimmed milk: milk from which the cream has been removed
11. long life milk: milk specially treated so that it can be kept for a long time without going bad
12. milk drink: a drink which contains milk
B Now listen to a presentation about trends in the milk drinks market, given by the Director of the Milk Marketing Board. As you listen, complete the descriptions of the pie charts of the total market below.
C Listen to the presentation again. While you listen, focus on numbers. Write down all the numbers and add more key words if you can in the notes column. Then complete the bar chart with the help of the notes and numbers.
D Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the presentation. Pay close attention to the verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Complete the following sentences with the help of the above notes.
1. The total market has _____________ from 280 million litres to 440 million litres.
2. The actual sector share of the four main milk products has ____________.
3. The full milk sector has ___________________ from 74% to just 42%.
4. The skimmed milk sector has __________ from only 12% to 35%.
5. The long life sector has _________ from 5% to 13%.
6. The milk drinks have ________ pretty ______, just by 1%.
7. The full milk sector will ________ more ________ to around 40% and then ______ a _______ 2%.
8. The skimmed milk sector should continue to ________ to 40% and then _________ around this figure.
9. We will ______ long life milk to ________________ so that this sector will ___________ a _________ 20%.
10. We ____________ a ____________ decline in the milk drink sector, and _________ an __________ fall to just 2%.
Part Ⅳ More about the topic: Hungry for Hamburgers
Most young Americans like hamburgers. Their idea of a good meal is a hamburger, served with ketchup and French fried potatoes, which are called French fries. French fries are not considered foreign though they have a foreign name; most American children and teenagers love to eat them any time of the day.
The following short passage is about hamburgers. Supply the missing words while listening.
There is an old saying that you cannot ________ a book by its _____. Now you can no longer_____ a hamburger by its ______. Many people think the beef that we call hamburger is ________ to eat if it has been ________ so that it is _____ on the inside. However, new research shows that some hamburger meat turns ________ during cooking before it reaches the necessary ___________ to kill harmful bacteria. The food _____ and inspection service of the United States Agriculture Department says this may happen more _______ than had been _______. Yet some ________ say that some hamburgers cooked until they reach at least ______ Celsius still can be _______ inside instead of_____.
US D.A. experts say hamburgers must be ______ until the meat reaches at least ______ Celsius. This temperature will _______ harmful bacteria. As a result of the conflicting ______ about what safe hamburgers should look like, US D.A. officials say people should not ______ on the ________ of cooked meat to ______ if it is safe to eat. Instead they ________ using a meat thermometer to ________ the temperature of hamburgers. The thermometer should be ________ into the thickest part of the hamburger.
The food experts _________ that the thermometer should be _________ after each use. To test the thermometer, _________ the bottom part of it in a cup of _________ water. If it _________ is said correctly, it will read ________ Celsius. Because of the new hamburger warning, meat thermometers should be a ______ product for use this _____ of ____.
Cooking hamburgers is part of _________ American Independence Day celebrations when the Americans _________ with family and friends to _________ eating together and _________ fireworks.
Part Ⅴ Memory test: Who Smokes?
Leaves of the tabacco plant are smoked in various ways. Cigarettes are the most popular method of smoking. As recently as the 1940s, smoking was considered harmless, but laboratory and clinical research has since proved that cigarette smoke contains around 4 000 chemicals, some of which are highly toxic. Nicotine, a major constituent of tabacco smoke, is highly addictive. Smoking greatly increases a smoker's risk for several diseases, chief of which is cancer.
You are going to hear a short passage about smoking (preferably only one time). After that you will hear some statements. Decide whether they are True or False. Put a "T" or F" in the brackets. While you are listening, don't forget to write down some key words in the notes column. Pay close attention to numbers.
Notes
_________________________ ____________________________
_________________________ ____________________________
_________________________ ____________________________
_________________________ ____________________________
_________________________ ____________________________
_________________________ ____________________________
1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( )
6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( )
Part Ⅵ Reminder of key points in this unit
Verb & Verb Phrase Noun & Noun Phrase Other
Part Ⅰ increase hamburger/surperburger to go
produce french fries to eat
coke recently
apple pie yearly
ketchup
service counter
pepper
manufacturer
quantity
lung cancer
Part Ⅱ taste Chinese fried rice all except
get tired of teenager ground
suppose sirloin chopped
compare steak flattened
divide chuck tough
press down onion rare
handle mixture medium
melt patties well-done
depend frying pan
spread roll
pickle
Part Ⅲ discuss overview outstanding
represent implication substantially
rocket trend radically
reflect transparency dramatically
direct pie chart significant
consider sector share initial
remain publicity stable
forecast low fat diet gradually
level off consumer resistance further
expect consumer awareness steadily
project content moderately
present full milk marked
anticipate skimmed milk eventual
predict long life milk major
interrupt comment critical
outline graph
plot decline
decline factor
account for milk drink
Part Ⅳ judge research harmful
reach bacteria conflicting
warn inspection popular
gather Agriculture Department traditional
finding
thermometer
Independence Day
celebration
firework
Part Ⅴ manufacture cigarette/cigar widespread
give up threat regularly
play a part in tabacco encouraging
determine adult be likely to
population proportion
income
occupation
high school
