Unit 1O Smoking Kills
Part Ⅰ Getting ready
It is a fact that can not be denied: smoking kills. Cigarette smoke contains many chemicals which are harmful to your body. It can give you lung cancer, heart attack, and it can make you cough and become breathless. That's why smoking should be prohibited in all public places.
A The following words and phrase will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.
1. vulnerable: weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally
2. inhale: breathe in
3. clot: a sticky lump that forms when blood dries up and becomes thicker
4. artery: any of a branching system of the muscular tubes that carry blood away from the heart
5. exposure: a situation in which you are affected or influenced
6. block: stop, hinder
7. zone: an area that has particular features or characteristics
8. at the expense of: giving up something for the sake of something else
9. enforce: compel observance of (实施，执行)
10. addict: devote or give (oneself) habitually or compulsively
Smokers are not the only ones to run the risk of smoking-related diseases. Passive smokers also suffer increased risk of poor health. Do you know what passive smokers are and what they can do to protect themselves?
B You are going to hear a short passage about non-smokers. Write down every word as a dictation. It will be read three times. First reading, read from beginning to end. Second reading, read with pauses. Third reading, read without pauses again.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
There is a close relation between smoking and heart diseases. Then how much do you know about your heart? Do you know what a heart attack is?
C You are going to hear a dialogue. Supply the missing words.
A: I once heard people talk about coronary heart disease. What is coronary? Could you tell me ________ about it?
B: Well, our _________ is a muscular organ. It's just like a pump. It pumps blood to every part of our ______. There are two small arteries that bring ________ carrying food and oxygen to the ________ muscles. They are called the coronary arteries because they look like a "corona" or crown _________ the heart. If a branch of the coronary arteries is _________ blocked, part of the heart muscles gets too _________ food and oxygen. There will be _________ heart pain.
A: Is it a heart attack?
B: Not exactly. If a branch of the coronary arteries is ________ blocked, part of the heart muscles _____________ getting food and oxygen. Then there will be ________ heart pain or a heart attack.
A: So in either case, the person is said to have coronary heart ________. Is it right?
B: Yes.
A: But what blocks the arteries?
B: Arteries are usually blocked by _________ fat-like substance called cholesterol. When we eat too much _________ or when we are overweight, cholesterol is deposited on the inner _________ of our arteries. This build-up of cholesterol on the inner walls of arteries is called atherosclerosis.
A: I think no one wants this to happen to _________.
B: So let us reduce our risk of getting a heart ________ in adulthood by starting now to live a healthy life _______ -eat wisely, exercise regularly, learn to relax and never, never smoke.
A: Why never smoke?
B: To make it simple, ________ smoke makes the heart pump faster and allows less oxygen to reach the heart muscles.
Part Ⅱ The ASH man
As early as the 19th century, isolated reports were circulated that cigar and pipe smoking caused cancer of mouth. Nowadays, more and more people have realized the harmful effects of tobacco smoking. As an individual, what can you do to combat smoking?
A You are going to hear an interview. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the notes column. After the second listening, complete the questions.
Questions
1. Why do you _________ people smoking?
2. If I smoke, it doesn't ________ other people's health, does it?
3. And the most vulnerable passive smokers are ___________?
4. Suppose you were at a ________, and people started smoking. Would you take a ___________ on it?
5. Do you think that people will _________ smoking altogether in your _________?
B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the interview. Complete the answers by the ASH man.
1. The smokers are breathing out __________ different chemicals into the air which I didn't actually choose to breathe in.
2. Smoking is by far the largest preventable cause of _________, premature death, and indeed ______.
3. If people smoke __________ a day from their late teens for the rest of their life, _________ of them will go to an early grave.
4. Scientists are now in no doubt at all that regular ________ to other people's cigarette smoke is a _________ to non-smokers.
5. Those children actually inhale the equivalent of about __________ cigarettes a year in cigarette fumes, cigarette particles and so forth.
6. If I'm very __________ by it, I just make my _________ and leave.
7. Smoking will be something that people may keep to do in the __________ and privacy of their own _________.
8. I do want people to have the real _________ to learn information without counter propaganda by the tobacco industry.
Part Ⅲ Heart attack
A heart attack causes people a lot of pain. People often die of a heart attack. Therefore, a heart attack should be treated as an emergency.
A You are going to hear the first part of a talk. While listening the first time, focus on the cause of a heart attack. While listening for the second time, pay more attention to the symptoms. Take down key words in the notes column. After listening, complete the following chart in note form. The number in brackets indicates the number of words you can use.
B Now listen to the second part of the talk which gives advice about what to do if someone suffers from a heart attack. The following phrases describe what you should do and should not do when dealing with a heart attack. Put these phrases into the correct column. Pay attention to the order.
● Leave the patient alone.
● Call an ambulance immediately.
● Travel to the doctor yourself.
● Put pillows or cushions behind the patient's head and neck, bend the knees.
● Lift the patient into a half-sitting position.
● Try mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration (if necessary).
● Give something to eat or drink.
● Press down on the patient's chest to force blood around the body.
● Stay with the patient.
● Loosen any tight clothing around the neck, chest and waist.
● Keep the patient warm and as calm as possible.
Do's Don'ts
________________ __________________________
________________ __________________________
________________ __________________________
________________ __________________________
________________ __________________________
Part Ⅳ More about the topic: Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerosis
Nicotine is known to contract the blood vessels and to release hormones that raise the blood pressure. Both effects could have an adverse influence on the heart. Smokers have distinctly higher levels of carbon monoxide in their blood than non-smokers. It has been shown that even minute amounts of carbon monoxide decrease the exercise ability of patients with known coronary artery disease.
The following science report is about the relationship between tobacco smoking and atherosclerosis. Supply the missing words while listening.
A new study shows that people who _______ large amounts of tobacco are speeding up normal damage to their arteries. It _________ that the longer and more people smoke, the faster their arteries _________. And the study provides evidence that the effects may be permanent. The artery damage appears to __________ at a faster rate even after people stop smoking. The study also shows that the harmful effect of other people's smoke called "environmental tobacco smoke" _________ much greater than thought. It appears to __________ the arteries of people who never smoke.
The artery damage is _________ atherosclerosis. Arteries are muscular tools. They ______ blood away from the heart. The arteries harden naturally as people get older. When arteries harden, their walls _________ thicker. Blood is unable to flow to other parts of the body. The condition _________ to a sharply increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. The American Medical Association _________ atherosclerosis is responsible for more deaths in the United States than any other condition.
Doctors in Winston-Salem, North Carolina did the study. They __________ the effects of smoking on the progress of atherosclerosis. More than _________ adults took part in the study. They were from _________ years old. It was one of the largest studies ever _________ on the health effects of smoking tobacco. The journal of the American Medical Association _________ the results. The adults in the study were in ________ groups: current smokers, former smokers, non-smokers often _______ by environmental tobacco smoke, or non-smokers _________ affected by tobacco smoke. At the beginning of the study the researchers ________ the thickness of the walls of a major artery of each person. They measured the same artery ________ years later to discover the progress of atherosclerosis. The researchers found that atherosclerosis got worse ________ faster in current cigarette smokers compared with people who never smoked. The condition developed ________ faster in people who had smoked but ________. The artery walls thickened ________ faster in people who had often __________ environmental tobacco smoke than in those who had not. The researchers also found that the effects of smoking ________ greater among people with diabetes and high blood pressure.
Researchers say that the effect of smoking on the progression of atherosclerosis probably is __________ to how much and how long people smoke. They believe that stopping smoking would ________ further damage to the arteries. Medical experts _________ that the importance of environmental tobacco smoke as a risk for heart disease has not been ________. Information about it was rarely collected. They say environmental tobacco smoke may be a reason why there is a history in some families of people _________ heart disease while they are young. Critics of smoking say new measures are ________ to help the public avoid tobacco smoke. The American Heart Association says the new study ________ powerful support for a ban on smoking in all public places.
Part Ⅴ Memory test: Combatting Smoking
One way to discourage smoking was to increase taxation. In some countries, especially in Europe, the tax on a pack of cigarettes increased dramatically in the late 20th century.
A You are going to hear a short piece of news. Listen carefully and choose the correct answers as quickly as possible.
1. What is Dr John Carforth's call?
a. Canceling travellers' tax-free cigarette allowances.
b. Increasing travellers' cigarette price.
c. Reducing the amount of travellers' tax-free cigarette allowances.
2. Dr John Carforth's call was made on __________.
a. Britain's ninth national day
b. great national no smoking day
c. Britain's ninth national no smoking day
3. ______ people now do not smoke in this country.
a. Three out of four
b. Two out of five
c. Two out of three
4. ________ of smokers actually try to give up smoking on at least one occasion.
a. 60%
b. 70%
c. 75%
5. _________ of all smokers are really determined to quit smoking.
a. Two thirds
b. Half
c. Three fourths
6. The purpose of Dr John Carforth's call is to ________.
a. combat smoking
b. put the price up
c. cancel travellers' rights
Although more and more people have realized the ill effects of smoking, there is a trend that the number of teenagers who smoke is increasing. This is a problem that we can't afford to neglect.
B Now listen to a piece of news about the situation of smoking by teenagers in the U.S. Pay attention to all the numbers. Match column A with column B.
Column A
1. before age 18
2. 30% of high school seniors
3. in 1976
4. 420 000 Americans
5. 3 million adolescence
6. 1 million adolescence
7. half of eighth graders
Column B
__ dying from cancer or other diseases linked to smoking
__ annual surveys began
__ not believing there is a great risk with smoking
__ most adults who smoke began the habit
__ using chewing tobacco/smokeless tobacco products
__ smoking cigarettes now in the U.S.
Part Ⅵ Reminder of key points in this unit
Verb & Verb Phrase Noun & Noun Phrase Other
Part Ⅰ breathe in no smoking zone at the expense of
enforce steward mild
block coronary artery severe
deposit crown wisely
pump oxygen regularly
reduce the risk of cholesterol
relax inner wall
atherosclerosis
Part Ⅱ object to passive smoking in close confines
meet/go to an early fume in no doubt
grave chemical additional
inhale circle altogether
take a hard line on counter propaganda by and large
play the rules glossy package believe it or not
make one's excuses
mix
Part Ⅲ loosen heart attack bursting
press down blood clot out of breath
take sb. straight to emergency dizzy
recover artificial respiration
Part Ⅳ speed up environmental tobacco permanent
harden smoke stroke diabetes rarely
high blood pressure
progression
public place
Part Ⅴ scrap news conference with regard to
coincide with annual survey eventually
combat high school senior
impose the ban on adolescence
kick the habit chewing tobacco
addict smokeless tobacco products
persist respiratory ailments
retarded lung function
alcohol
marijuana
