此文盘点近年高考全国各地英语试题,精选考例,揭示热点,并提出应试方法及备考策略。
Ⅰ、常见时态的一般用法
一、将来时
[例1]—Did you tell Julia about the result?
—Oh, no, I forget. I _____her now. (NMET2005Ⅲ)
A. will be calling B. will call
C. call D. am to call
答案B。从题干得知我并未告知Julia结果,受对方启示,说话者现在临时想到要告知对方。
[备考启示]will/shall do用作将来表说话者临时想到要干的某个动作,是说话者主观态度或看法。一般现在时、现在进行时、be to do以及be going to均可用来表将来。
二、进行时
1.过去进行时
[例2]Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she_____. (辽宁2005NMET)
A. has done B. had done
C. was doing D. is doing
答案C。从时态呼应上考虑,A和D均错;Susan不想让其父母知道她眼下正在干什么,便背着父母偷偷干。
[备考启示]过去某个时刻正在进行的动作用过去进行时;在口语中,说话者所说内容是非一定目的、随意的,亦常用过去进行时。
2.现在进行时
[例3] Although the causes of cancer _____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. (山东2006NMET)
A. are being uncovered
B. have been uncovering
C. are uncovering
D. have uncovered
答案A。此题考查状语从句中时态。主语causes of cancer和谓语动词uncover存在动宾关系,故选用被动语态,排除选项B、C、D;致癌原因正被揭开,故选进行时的被动语态。
[备考启示] 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作,但说话时不一定正在进行,较一般现在时相比具有暂时性。
3.将来进行时
[例4] At this time tomorrow ____over the Atlantic.(北京2003NMET)
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
答案B。明天此时我们正飞越大西洋。描述将来某个时刻正在发生的动作。
[备考启示]将来某个时刻正在发生的动作用将来进行时,注意时间暗示。
4.现在或过去完成进行时
[例5] I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ____on it for more than an hour. (湖北2006NMET)
A. has been working
B. will have worked
C. will have been working
D. had worked
答案A。在时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时,故排除选项B和C;据时态呼应规律排除选项D;学生一直在做数学练习,直到规定时间完毕教师才公布答案。
[备考启示]某个动作或过程过去已经开始,一直持续到说话时刻,有可能继续延续。因此,现在完成进行时仍带有进行时的持续性;某个动作或过程过去的过去已经开始,一直持续到过去某个时刻,有可能继续延续,用过去完成进行时。
三、一般过去时
[例6] My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He ____there for a few months and then went to America. (江西2006NMET)
A. worked B. would work
C. would be working D. has been working
答案A。描述过去曾发生的事实,and then went也加以提示。
[备考启示]一般过去时表在过去某时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态或过去经常性习惯性动作,但现已不复存在,侧重描述过去事实,与现在没有联系。
四、完成时
1.现在完成时
[例7] Customers are asked to make sure that they ____the right change before leaving the shop.(重庆2006NMET)
A. will give B. have been given
C. have given D. will be given
答案B。考查宾语从句中时态兼语态。“找零”动作发生在“离开”之前,故用完成时。
[备考启示] 现在完成时表示某个动作或过程在过去某个时间已经开始,现在已经完成或可能继续延续下去。
2.过去完成时
[例8] Father _____for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. (福建2005NMET)
A. has left B. left
C. was leaving D. had left
答案D。父亲去伦敦出差这一动作在我去看他之前已经发生,故我没见着他。
[备考启示]某个动作或过程在过去的过去已经完成,与现在没有联系。
3.将来完成时
[例9] By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _____for London to attend a meeting. (天津2005NMET)
A. will leave B. leaves
C. will have left D. left
答案C。等Jane回到家,她姑妈已离开去伦敦开会了。描述将来某一时刻前已完成的动作。
[备考启示]将来某一时刻前已完成的动作或过程用将来完成时。
五、一般现在时
[例10] The father as well as his three children ____skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. (辽宁2006NMET)
A. is going B. go
C. goes D. are going
答案C。描述现在习惯性动作使用一般现在时;此题还涉及主谓一致。
[备考启示]一般现在时表不受时限的客观存在、现在习惯性动作及现在状态或瞬间动作。
Ⅱ、常见时态的特殊用法
