1. [词海垂钓]从词典中“钓”出一串同根词吧。
ex-(=out)
2. [词义辨析]写出下列两组单词的词义。
① discrete a.
discreet a.
② secretory a.
secretary n.
3. [同义相连]将左栏的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。
① indiscernible a.不明智的
② indiscreet b.觉察不出的
③ indiscrete c.不慎重;轻率
④ indiscretion d.不分开的;紧凑的
⑤ unconcerned e.漠不关心的
4. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① decree n.法令;政令
decretal a.法令的
② supersecret a.绝密的
③ unconcern n.漠不关心;冷漠
④ undersecretary n.次长,次官,副部长
⑤ incretion n. [医] 内分泌;内分泌物
15. cid, cis [L]=to cut切
cid和cis是一对同源异形根,来自拉丁动词caedere,意为to cut(切)。cid是不定式词干,cis是动名词词干。
decide [de-=away离;cid=to cut切;-e→“to cut away切掉”→“to cut short and bring an end to something裁断某事使之告结”→] v. settle bygiving judgement裁决;决定:The question has been decided.问题已经解决。
▽decidable [decid(e);-able a.] a.可以决定的;解决得了的
decision [decide的对应名词:decis=to decide决定;-ion n.=the act or result表行为或结果→] n. the act or result of deciding决定:The matter is coming to a decision.事情就要定下来了。
▽decisive [decide的对应形容词] a.决定性的;果断的
concise [con-(-com)=thoroughly彻底地;cis=to cut切;-e→“being cut off the unnecessary parts切去不必要的部分”→] a. cut short;brief简洁的;简明的:Write a concise summary of the book.写出这本书的内容简要。
▽concision [concis(e);-ion n.] n.简明性;简洁性
precise [pre-=beforehand事先;cis=to cut切;-e→“being cut off vague-ness beforehand事先已切除含糊的东西的”→] a. clear-cut;accurate明确的;精确的:Be more precise in your answer.回答得更明确些。
▽precision [precis(e);-ion n.] n.精确性;精密度
excide [ex-=out, away出,去;cid=to cut切;-e→] v. cut out;cut away from切开;切除:The surgeon excided the carbuncle with great skill.外科医生熟练地切除了痈疽。
▽excision [ex-;cis;-ion n.] n.切除;删除
incise [in-=into入;cis=to cut切;-e-→] v.① cut into切入,切开:to incise a can with a knife用小刀打开罐头盒② engrave雕刻:to incise a bust雕刻半身像
▽incision [incis(e);-ion n.] n.切入;切开;雕刻
incisure [incis(e);-ure n.] n.切口;刀痕
incisive [in-=into入;cis=to cut切;-ive a.=like像……的→“like cutting into像刀切进去一般”→] a. cutting;sharp or keen锐利的;透彻的:incisive criticisms尖锐的批评
由cid生成的后缀-cide表示killing(杀)或者killer(杀……者)。
homicide [hom=man人;-i-;cide n.=killing, killer杀,杀……者→] n.① killing of man杀人② killer of man杀人者
▽homicidal [homicid(e);-al a.] a.杀人的
suicide [sui=oneself 自己;-cide n.=killing, killer 杀,杀……者→“killing or killer of oneself杀自己(者)”→] I n.① killing of onesel自杀行为:to commit suicide自杀②one who kills himself intentionall自杀者→Ⅱv. kill oneself自杀:He was forced to suicide.他被迫自杀。
▽suicical [suicid(e) n.;-al a.] a.自杀的
bactericide [bacteri=bacteria细菌;-cide n.=killer杀……剂] n. killer of bacteria杀菌剂
▽bactericidal [bactericid(e);-al a.] a.杀菌的