1. [望文生义]根据所学词根知识推测下列单词的词义。
① uncultured a.
② uncultivated a.
2. [无师自通]参照floris→floriculture的构词规律,写出下列单词。
① arboris=tree→树木栽培:
② aris=bird→鸟类饲养:
③ pomum=fruit→果树栽培:
④ seri=silk→养蚕业:
3. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① culturist n.文化主义者;栽培者
② monoculture n. [农] 单一经营;单种栽培
③ counterculture n.反主流文化
④ enculturate v.使……适应社会存在的文化类型
⑤ midculture n.中产阶级文化
⑥ cyberculture n.电子计算机影响下的文化
⑦ incult a.粗鲁的
⑧ self-culture n.自学;自修
⑨ acculturate v.(使)受同化;(使)社会化
acculturation n.文化移入;文化适应
4. [节外生枝] col是cult的异形根,分析下列单词词义。
① colony n.殖民地
② colonize v.开拓殖民地
③ colonist n.殖民主义者
④ semicolony n.半殖民地
22. cur(r), curs, cours [L]=to run跑
cur(r),curs,cours 都来源于拉丁动词currere,意思相当于英语的to run(跑)。其中,cur(r) 来自不定式词干curr;curs 是动名词词干;cours是curs的重读形式。在构词中,cur(r) 用来构成动词;curs和cours一般只出现于名词和形容词中。先介绍几个常见的cur(r) 的派生词。
occur [oc-(ob-)=towards向;cur=to run跑→“to run towards向……跑来”→] v.① come about出现:These animals occur in Africa only.这些动物只出现在非洲。② happen 发生:Don't let such accidents occur again.别让这类事情再发生了。
▽occurrence [occur(r);-ence n.] n.出现;发生
occurrent [occur(r);-ent a.] a.目前正发生的;偶然发生的
current [curr=to run跑;-ent a.=-ing……的→“running跑动的,流动的”→] I a. running along with the times流行的:the current mode流行式样;→Ⅱn. the running of water, electricity, etc.水流;电流等:the main current主流
recur [re-=back, again回,复;cur=to run跑→“to run back again又跑回来”→] v. come upon or happen again 重来;复发:His illness recurred.他的病复发了。
▽recurrence [recur(r);-ence n.] n.重现;复发
recurrent [recur(r);-ent a.] a.再发生的;经常发生的
concur [con-=together一起;cur=to run跑→“to run together 一起跑来”→] v.①happen at the same time同时发生:Several mistakes concurred to bring about this accident.几桩失误同时发生,造成了这场事故。② agree or approve同意;赞成:The whole class concurred with him.全班都赞同他的意见。
▽concurrence [concur(r);-ence n.] n.同时发生;同意;赞同
以下介绍的是几个含curs的常用派生词。
cursory [curs=to run跑;-ory a.=like像……的→“like running or going hastily像奔跑或疾走的”→] a. hasty;hurried仓猝的;草率的:He is a cursory reader.他看书一目十行,不求甚解。
▽cursoriness [cursor(y);-ness n.] n.仓猝;草率
excursion [ex-=out of外;curs=to run跑;-ion n.=the act表行为→“running out of home离家跑到外头去”→] n. pleasure outing or trip远足,短途旅行:excursion train旅游列车
▽excursionist [excursion;-ist n.] n.远足者,短途旅行者
precursor [pre-=before前;curs=to run跑;-or n.=person人→“person running before others跑在他人前面的人”→] n. forrunner;predecessor先行者;前辈:Kepler was the precursor of Newton.开普勒是牛顿的前辈人物。
▽precursory [precursor;-y a.] a.先行的;前辈的
最后,再介绍几个cours的常见派生词。
course [cours=to run跑;-e→“running forward向前的跑动”→] I n.①onward movement行进;进程:the course of events事态的发展过程② path in which anything runs or moves道路,路线:the course of a river 河道→Ⅱv. run; run after 跑;追:Blood courses through the veins.血液在血管中循环流动。
discourse [dis-=away, out离,出;cours=to run跑;-e→“running out or outpouring(of words)(话语的)滔滔而出”→] n. speech; talk or conversation演说;会谈:a discourse on ancient Rome civilization有关古罗马文化的演讲
recourse [re-=back回;cours=to run跑;-e→“running back or return往回跑,回归”→] n. the freedom to a return, or the right to a payment要求归返权;追索权:I maintain my recourse to you.我保留对你的追索权。