英语词根——练习76:
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    2021大学英语四级英语词根练习100天(汇总)

       1. [词根辨识]试指出下列单词中,哪些是本族同根词,哪些是加pro-的派生词。

       problem(问题)   proverb(谚语)

       provide(提供)   provoke(挑衅)

       probity(德行)   province(省;行政区)

       2. [望文生义] proof是prove的对应名词形式。请写出下列单词词义。

       ① prove v.证明→proof n.

       ② disprove v.反证;反驳→disproof n.

       ③ reprove v.责备,非难→reproof n.

       3. [由此及彼]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。

       ① approve v.赞成,批准→disapprove v.

       ② approval n.赞成,批准→dissapproval n.

       4. [同义相连]将左栏中的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。

       ① approver      a.证明人;证明物

       ② prover       b.责备者;非难者

       ③ probationer     c.批准者;赞成者

       ④ reprobater      d.试用人员,见习生

       ⑤ reprover      e.谴责者;拒绝者

       5. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。

       ① probity n.德行,正直

       ② probationership n.见习生身份

       ③ probabilism n. [哲]盖然论 [宗]或然论

       probabilistic a. [哲]盖然论的 [宗]或然论的

       ④ reprieve v.缓刑(提示:priev是prov变体)

       6. [节外生枝] -proof可作为后缀,表示“防……的”。试看:

       ① fireproof a.防火的

       ② shockproof a.防震的

       ③ water-proof a.防水的

       77. reg, rect [L]=to rule, to guide, to govern划直线,引导,治理

       在常用词region,regular,correct和direct中,有一对同源异形根reg和rect。它们分别来自拉丁动词regere的不定式词干和动名词词干,其基本意思为to rule。在具体的派生词中,词根的意思可能是to rule or lead straight(划直线);to rule or guide(引导,指正);to rule or govern(治理,统治)。在这三种意思中,词根都内涵着“be right or straight”即“正”,“直”的概念。

       region [reg=to rule or govern治理;-ion n.=the state表行为状态→“the state of ruling治理的状态”→“area under ruling治理下的地区”→] n.① administrative area or division行政区:an autonomous region自治区② any area or division地带;地区:forest region林区

       ▽regional [region;-al a.] a.地区的;局部的

       regular [reg=to rule or lead straight划直线;-ular (-ar) a. =like像……的→“like leading straight像划直线似的”→] a.① according to a rule, or proper正规的,正式的:regular warfare正规战争② happening or done according to a rule or habit, or not changing有规律的;固定的:regular work固定工作③ arranged or shaped by a rule整齐的,匀称的:a man of regular features五官端正的人

       ▽regularity [regular;-ity n.] n.正规;规律性;整齐;匀称

       regularize [regular;-ize v.] v.使有规律;使规则化;使整齐

       correct [cor-(com-)=completely完全地;rect=to rule or lead straight划直线→“to draw a completely straight line 划笔直的线”→]Ⅰv. make straight or right 改正;纠正:correct mistakes 纠正错误→Ⅱa. straight or right正确的:correct policy正确的方针

       ▽correction [correct v.;-ion n.] n.改正;校正

       corrective [correct v.;-ive a.] a.改正的;矫正的

       direct [di-(dis-)=apart离开;rect=to rule or lead straight划直线→“to draw a straight line apart form a point从某点画出一条直线”→]Ⅰa. straightforward;by the shortest way直接的;径直的:a direct train直达列车→Ⅱv. ① keep straight; point or aim 保持直线;对准:He directed his gun to the aim.他把枪对准目标。② point out the proper course to, or guide指引;指导:Would you direct me to the park?请问到公园怎么走?

       ▽direction [direct v.;-ion n.] n.方向;指导

       directive [direct v.;-ive a./n.] a.指引的 n.指示

       下面再介绍几个rect的派生词。为了简要起见,把词根rect的含义归纳为(be)staight or right,即“正”或“直”。

       erect [e-(ex-)=upward向上的;rect=be straight or right正,直→]Ⅰa. being right upward;upright正对上方的;垂直的:The soldiers held themselves erect.士兵们挺直站着。→Ⅱv.① set upright;raise使竖直;使树立:to erect a flagstaff竖旗杆②establish;build建立;树立:to erect a monument立纪念碑

       ▽erection [erect v.;-ion n.] n.竖立;建立

       erective [erect v.;-ive a.] a.直立的;竖起的;建立的

       erectile [erect v.;-ile a.] a.可竖直的;可建立的

       rectify [rect=straight or right正,直;-ify v.=to make使……→“to make right使正确”→] v. ① correct纠正:to rectify one's error纠正错误② reform 改过:to rectify one's life 改过自新 ③ adjust 校正:to rectify an instrument校正仪器

       ▽rectifiable [rectif(y);-iable a.] a.可纠正的;可调整的

       rectification [rectif(y);-ication n.] n.纠正;整顿;校正

       rectangle [rect=right直,垂直的;angle n.角→“figure having only right angles只有直角的图形”→] n. four-sided figure with four right angles矩形

       ▽rectangular [rectang(le);-ular a.] a.矩形的;成直角的

       rectilineal [rect=straight直;-i-;line=line线;-al a.=of ……的→] a. of a straight line直线的:rectilineal motion直线运动

    2021大学英语四级英语词根练习100天(汇总)

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