1. pertinent a. 有关的=relevant

He raised several pertinent questions.

他提了几个有关的问题。

The lawyer wanted to know all the details pertinent to the case.

律师想知道与该案有关的全部细节。

2. plead v. 恳求；（法庭）申诉

With that kind of man you will plead in vain.

你恳求那种人将是白费力气。

I heard him plead in court only once.

我只有一次听到他在法庭上作辩护。

3. ponder v. 思考

She pondered his marriage proposal for a week.

她考虑了一周他向她的求婚。

They are pondering moving their offices outside London.

他们正在考虑把办事处搬出伦敦。

4. portray v. 描绘=describe/depict

It is not easy to portray the surprise of the Indian at this discovery.

印第安人见到这种情况，其惊异之情真是难以形容。

5. precede v. 先于

The we should always precede the I.

集体总应先于个人。

6.precedent n. 先例

This decision creates a dangerous precedent.

这个决定开创了一个危险的先例。

7. preclude n. 阻止(from)

That will preclude him from escaping.

那将阻止他逃走，那将使他无法逃走。

8. predecessor n. 前任

Like its predecessor, Kentucky Fried Chicken has its own secret recipe.

和它的前辈一样，肯德基烤鸡肉也有自己的秘方。

9. predominant a. 主导的

Which country is the predominant member of the alliance?

哪个国家在联盟中居于主导地位？

10. premise n. 前提

your premise is wrong.

你的前提是错误的。

We must act on the premise that the worst can happen.

我们必须在可能发生最坏事态的前提下行动。