山寨

“山寨 （copycatting）”一词一般用于指某些品牌东西的假冒品 （counterfeit）。20世纪70、80年代香港九龙城 （Kowloon City）、狮子山 （Lion Rock）、观塘 （Kwun Tong）等穷人聚居的山寨城有大量私营家庭工厂，专门生产国际名牌服饰、鞋帽的仿冒品，由于手工精美、价格低廉而热销国内外，当地人称此类商品为“山寨货”。80年代广东沿海一带热销的国外名牌产品均为此类山寨货。某社会学家认为，“山寨现象”的产生与改革开放的大背景相关联，从某种意义上来说，山寨文化是一种民间的智慧和创新。

翻译点拨

1. 穷人聚居：翻译为the poor people lived in compact communities。“聚居”还可翻译为inhabit。

2. 私营家庭工厂：翻译为private family factories。工厂与作坊（workshop）还是有区别的，即使是家庭工厂在规模上也还是要比作坊大的，所以此处要直译为factory。

3. 手工精美、价格低廉：翻译为exquisite handicraft and low prices。exquisite意为“精美的；精致的”，handicraft意为“手工艺”。

4. 热销国内外：翻译为are sold like hot cakes both at home and abroad。“热销”还可译为are sold well。

5. 改革开放的大背景：翻译为the overall background of reform and opening up policy。诸如“改革开放”这样涉及国家政策的常识性词汇考生也要注意在平时多积累。

6. 民间的智慧和创新：翻译为folk wisdom and innovation。

参考译文

Copycatting

The phrase“copycatting”is usually used to describe counterfeits of some famous brands. In the 1970s and 1980s, a large number of private family factories which specialized in producing counterfeits of world-famous brand clothes, shoes and hats sprang up in“copycatting districts”of Hong Kong, such as Kowloon City, Lion Rock and Kwun Tong, where the poor people lived in compact communities. These counterfeits were sold like hot cakes both at home and abroad because of their exquisite handicraft and low prices. Local people in Hong Kong called them“copycatting products”, including counterfeits of famous foreign brands that were sold well in coastal areas of Guangdong province in the 1980s. In one sociologist's opinion, the appearance of“copycatting”phenomenon is connected with the overall background of reform and opening up policy; in a certain sense,“copycatting”culture derives from the folk wisdom and innovation.

知识小贴士

“山寨”一词原指山林中设有防守栅栏的地方，也指有寨子的山村。中国古时响马强盗（bandit）常聚众盘踞于山寨，往往自立为王，有“占山为王（occupy a hill to act as a lord）”来逃避政府管控的意思。而粤语早有“山寨厂”的说法，专指小规模或家庭式作坊，或无自己设计，专替外国品牌生产的中小型工厂。后来引申为在市场上没有自主创新能力，以模仿其他品牌来达到低价行销自产产品的现象。此现象最初发生于中国大陆无品牌的山寨机市场，由于山寨手机普遍具有功能全面的特点，但价格低廉，受到了中低消费者的关注。“山寨”一词首先在互联网上出现。中央电视台报道了山寨机的情况后，“山寨”一词便走入大众视野，并且借助互联网广泛传播，应用到电子产业（electronic industry）、娱乐业（entertainment industry）等多个领域。