历史上最著名的画作背后都有耐人寻味的故事

While I'm no expert in art history, I find the backstories to famous artworks to be really interesting. So, I wanted to share more interesting stories with you all.

虽然我不是艺术史专家，但我发现著名艺术品的背景故事非常有趣。所以，我想和大家分享更多有趣的故事。

If you are interested, you can find my previous art stories here.

如果你感兴趣，你可以在这里找到我以前的艺术故事。

#1 Starry Night, Vincent Van Gogh, 1889

《星空》，文森特·梵高，1889年

In the aftermath of a mental breakdown that resulted in the self-mutilation of his left ear, Van Gogh voluntarily admitted himself to the Saint-Paul-de-Mausole lunatic asylum in 1889. During this period, he produced some of the best-known works of his career, including “Irises” and the blue self-portrait. "The Starry Night" shows the view from the east-facing window of his room at the asylum just before sunrise, with the addition of an idyllic village.

精神崩溃导致左耳自残后，梵高于1889年自愿到圣保罗精神病院接受治疗。在此期间，他创作了一些最著名的作品，包括《虹膜》和《蓝色自画像》。《星夜》展示了黎明前从他在疯人院的房间朝东的窗户看到的景色，还增加了一个田园诗般的村庄。

#2 The Great Wave Off Kanagawa, Katsushika Hokusai, 1829 – 1833

1829 - 1833年，葛饰北斋，神奈川的巨浪

The composition comprises three main elements: the sea whipped up by a storm, three boats, and a mountain. The mountain with a snow-capped peak is Mount Fuji, which in Japan is considered sacred and a symbol of national identity, as well as a symbol of beauty. Using the boats, with their thirty passengers, as a reference, we can see the wave must be close to 12 meters tall. The wave, which curls around like a claw to frame Mount Fuji, shows the artist’s awe and fear of the unpredictable sea.

作品由三个主要元素组成:风暴掀起的大海、三艘船和一座山。富士山被白雪覆盖，在日本被认为是神圣的，是国家身份的象征，也是美丽的象征。用船上的三十名乘客作为参考，我们可以看到海浪一定接近12米高。波浪像利爪一样环绕着富士山，表现出艺术家对变幻莫测的大海的敬畏。

#3 The Scream, Edvard Munch, 1893

《呐喊》，爱德华·蒙克，1893年出版

Munch was out for a walk at sunset when the setting sunlight turned the clouds a blood red. He sensed as he put it, an “infinite scream passing through nature.” It has been suggested a volcanic eruption could have attributed to the unnaturally orange sky. Another explanation could have been the result of Munch’s emotional state, as his sister had very recently been committed to a lunatic asylum. Munch created four versions in paint and pastels, as well as a lithograph stone from which several prints survive. Both of the painted versions have been stolen and recovered. One of the pastel versions commanded the fourth highest nominal price paid for a painting at a public auction.

夕阳西下时，蒙克出去散步，夕阳把云彩染成了血红色。用他自己的话说，他感觉到“一声无限的尖叫穿过大自然”。“有人认为，火山喷发可能是由于不自然的橙色天空。另一种解释可能是由于蒙克的情绪状态，因为他的妹妹最近被送进了精神病院。蒙克创作了四种不同版本的颜料和粉彩，以及一种石版画，其中有几幅留存至今。这两幅画的版本都被偷走并找回来了。其中一幅蜡笔画在公开拍卖中以第四高的名义价格成交。

#4 The Raft Of Medusa, Théodore Géricault, 1819

《美杜莎之筏》，安德烈杰利柯, 1819年

"The Raft of Medusa" ("Le Radeau de la Méduse") depicts the aftermath of the wreck of the French naval frigate Méduse. At least 147 people were set adrift on a hurriedly constructed raft; all but 15 died in the 13 days they awaited rescue. Those that survived endured dehydration and starvation to the point of practicing cannibalism. The event became an international scandal, in part due to the perceived incompetence of the captain of the Méduse.

《美杜莎之筏》描绘了法国海军护卫舰美杜莎号失事后的情景。至少有147人在匆忙建造的木筏上漂流;在等待救援的13天里，除了15人以外，其余全部遇难。那些幸存下来的人忍受着脱水和饥饿，到了吃人的地步。这一事件成为国际丑闻，部分原因是人们认为美杜斯号船长无能。

#5 The Potato Eaters, Vincent Van Gogh, 1885

《吃土豆的人》，文森特·梵高，1885年

Van Gogh wanted to depict peasants as they really were, and deliberately chose models who were coarse in aesthetics. He wanted to show a wholly different way of life from the upper classes. He later wrote to his sister and claimed "The Potato Eaters" to be his most successful painting.

梵高想要真实地描绘农民，他故意选择了一些美学上粗糙的模特。他想展示一种与上层社会完全不同的生活方式。后来他写信给他的妹妹，声称《吃土豆的人》是他最成功的作品。

图片来源：CrunChewy McSandybutt