学员作业中每每看到有同学将句子结构、句序或者从句的关系词终于选择正确了,但却败在了主谓一致上,我就由衷地觉得可惜。
主谓一致可以从四方面来理解:
1.语法一致
比如:主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数。当然这只在现在时态,即一般现在时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时中体现。
这个要求看起来很简单,但在实际运用中,基本上所有的同学都会被我反复地提醒使用第三人称单数。
2.意义一致
这个主要是涉及到集体名词,比如audience;army;family;jury;stuff;crew;couple等,如果这类词意义上指整体的概念谓语就用单数,如果意义指具体成员则谓语动词就用复数。
如:
The population in this area is increasing very slowly.
One third of the population in this area are workers.
3.就近原则
由or;either...or;neither...nor;not only…but also等词连接的名词或者代词作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于与动词最近的名词的单复数。
Neither you nor your friend is to blame.
4.就远原则
由as well as;rather than; with;together with; in addition; combined with这几个词连接的名词或者代词作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于这几个词前面的名词是单数还是复数。
The teacher rather than the students opens the door.
The students rather than the teacher open the door.
还有需要注意的是:
1.a series/line/group/list+of+名词复数,谓语动词用单数;
2.分数、百分数、part/rest/half+名词作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词本身的单复数;
3.both of+名词复数,谓语用复数;
4.each/neither/either/everything/anything作主语,谓语用单数。