[00:00.00]180 At the Library
[00:04.08]A: Can I help you?
[00:06.66]B: Yes. I'd like to look at some articles that are on reserve in the library for Anthropology 3--9.
[00:14.55]A: Professor Gillis's class?
[00:16.77]B: That's right. How did you know?
[00:19.12]A: WelI. Just say you are not the first person who has come to ask for those articles!
[00:25.26]B: Oh, well, I haven't read any of them yet, it doesn't really matter which one you give me first.
[00:31.97]A: I am afraid I cannot give you any of them at the moment.
[00:36.02]They've all been checked out.
[00:38.03]B: You are kidding, all of them?
[00:40.75]A: Even the last one.
[00:42.71]I asked professor Gillis twice already to bring in additional copies of the articles,
[00:48.95]but no sooner do I place them on the shelf than they're gone.
[00:52.95]See that girl in the black sweater?
[00:56.37]She's been waiting for half an hour for those same articles to be returned.
[01:01.44]B: Oh, great. And here I want out of my way to free up the whole afternoon to read.
[01:08.41]A: I'm sorry, but there's not a whole lot I can do about it.
[01:12.75]All I can suggest is that you come in first thing tomorrow morning and try again.
[01:18.73]181 Bring Your Lunch Into Class
[01:25.79]--Hi, Susan where were you at lunch time? I was saving a seat for you in the cafeteria.
[01:33.83]-Oh, sorry to miss you, but my thirst for knowledge was greater than my pangs of hunger.
[01:40.65]--I never had that problem. So where were you?
[01:44.46]--My political science class ran overtime.
[01:47.96]--That's been happening quite a bit lately, hasn't it?
[01:51.65]--I guess so.
[01:53.08]Actually what happens is that a bunch of us hang around for a while after class
[01:59.17]to talk with our professor and ask him questions.
[02:02.98]--Who is this 20th century Socrates?
[02:06.25]--Professor Hall. Have you heard of him?
[02:09.12]--Mm. He does have a good reputation in the Political Science Department.
[02:14.19]--And a well deserved one.
[02:16.33]The students who fall asleep in discussion groups and in seminars fight for front row seats in his lectures.
[02:24.46]--Oh, no. I hope this isn't catching.
[02:27.49]--I'm joking.
[02:29.16]But it's great to have a professor who is not only interesting but prepares to give up time for students.
[02:36.63]--I know. There I really agreed. Maybe I should sit in on his class sometime. Do you think he'd care?
[02:45.30]--Not at all. Lots of students bring their friends and he says he feels flattered.
[02:51.60]-well, just to be safe. I think I'll bring my lunch along as well.
[02:57.06]182 Thirty Minutes Late For Class
[03:02.94]--Tim, thank goodness, you've arrived. The class presentation started half an hour ago.
[03:10.09]And I was just beginning to panic.
[03:12.52]--I'm sorry I'm late, Ellen, this morning has been a real mess.
[03:17.83]I didn't think I was going to make it here at all.
[03:21.38]--Why are you late? Our whole presentation depends on those graphs you're holding.
[03:27.49]--Yes, I know. I'll tell you about it later. First let's see when it will be our turn.
[03:34.47]Two groups are still ahead of us, aren't they?
[03:38.36]The presentation on the rights of consumer and the anal-ysis of the stock market.
[03:43.50]That means I've got about 20 minutes to thaw out.
[03:47.50]--You do look cold. What happened?
[03:50.87]--I have been standing outside in the arctic temperatures for over an hour waiting for a bus.
[03:57.40]--Over an hour? But I thought your apartment was only a 10-minute bus ride to campus.
[04:04.30]--Under normal conditions. But the bus was delayed because of the weather.
[04:09.23]And then I stepped into a drugstore to call home for a pill, the bus went by.
[04:16.08]As luck would have it, there was no one at home. so I had to wait another 45 minutes for the next bus.
[04:24.78]--That's Plurphy's Law, isn't it? What Was it he said?
[04:29.40]If any-thing can go wrong it will... well we've still got 20 minutes to gather our wits together.
[04:37.63]--We'd better stop talking. People are turning around and looking at us.
[04:43.32]183 Asking for Class
[04:48.34]--Professor Western. Could I speak to you?
[04:52.94]--Yes, but only for a few minutes. I have a meeting at three o'clock.
[04:58.03]--I don't think this will take long. I need permission to register for your advanced sketching course.
[05:05.19]--Have you taken the prerequisite, the beginning sketching course?
[05:09.71]--No, and that's just why I' m here.
[05:13.08]The catalog says the instructor can give the permission to register without the prerequisite.
[05:19.79]--That's correct. Have you had any previous experience?
[05:23.94]--I've got lots of sketch books for my work, but I had no formal training.
[05:29.90]--Did you bring any of your work with you?
[05:32.80]--Certainly. Here are some examples, mostly flowers and land-scapes.
[05:39.02]--They look pretty good. But I really don't have time to make a decision now.
[05:44.32]Why don't you give them to me and I'll re-view them this evening? I'll let you .know tomorrow.
[05:50.67]--Thanks a lot. I really appreciate it. See you tomorrow.
[05:56.31]184 Dawn Comes After Dark
[06:03.10]--I can't wait until this week is over. All these final exams are driving me crazy.
[06:11.30]--But why don't you take a break and do something that will take your mind off your tests?
[06:17.47]--Like what?
[06:18.72]--I don't know, tennis?
[06:21.57]--That's not a bad idea, except my rackets are still in the shop restring.
[06:27.60]--Then how about a game of racketball? You did promise me we play again before vacation.
[06:35.47]--I know. But it's embarrassing to lose all the time, especially to a beginner.
[06:41.87]--Oh, come on. I beat you one, and it was just the beginner's luck.
[06:47.51]--Fine. I'll accept. So where do you want to play now, at Half or Kenny?
[06:54.35]--I'll take Half, but I think most of the racketball courts are re-served for class instruction now.
[07:01.46]We might have a better chance to find a place at Kenny.
[07:05.48]--You're probably right. Let me call and see if we can reserve a court. Is 2:30 a good time for you?
[07:13.40]--Sure. Let me just run to the dorm and get my things. I'll be right back.
[07:19.51]185 Britain Higher Education
[07:27.19]In Britain there are a number of different kinds of Higher Education.
[07:33.72]First of all, of course, there are the universities.
[07:38.37]Every one may have heard of Oxford and Cambridge,
[07:42.52]the two oldest u-niversities in England, but, of course, there is a large number of other universities,
[07:50.78]many of which have opened since the war.
[07:53.91]The latest of these is the open university, which, as its name suggests, is open to all.
[08:02.51]Students of the open university are not needed to have any previous qualification.
[08:09.38]All the students are part time and are taught through the medium of television and radio,
[08:15.96]although they do receive some personal tuition as well through centers located near their own homes.
[08:23.56]The first graduates were awarded their degrees in 1973.
[08:28.89]Besides the universities there are other institutions such as polytechnics and technical colleges.
[08:37.77]These tend to offer courses of a vocational skills as well as academic courses.
[08:44.77]If a student wants to study Management, for example, he would be more likely to go to one of these institutions.
[08:52.61]Colleges of Education provide training and education for prospective teachers.
[08:58.70]Most of the students receive grants from their Local Authority,
[09:03.97]which cover tuition fees and allow a certain amount of money to the students to pay for their fee and their books.
[09:11.89]Most of the colleges and universities have a good proportion of students from other countries.
[09:18.45]186 Getting to Know the World outside the Campus
[09:25.50]I think it is necessary for college students to know the world outside the campus.
[09:31.87]For one thing, school life is relatively routine and somewhat monotonous.
[09:37.88]Students are busy attending lec-tures, doing homework and taking tests.
[09:43.68]For another, the world outside the campus is wonderful.
[09:48.43]It can be described in one word--variety.
[09:52.98]There are all kinds of people of different back-grounds from all fields of work.
[09:58.54]To know them is to learn. Be-sides, living alone in the ivory tower makes a student a fool.
[10:07.45]There are many ways to know the outside world.
[10:11.40]TV pro-grams, films, books and newspapers tell us a lot about what is
going on both at home and abroad.
[10:21.37]We can also get to know the world by providing special social knowledge.
[10:26.68]Some work part time to gain experience in order to deal with people and get the data they need for their work.
[10:34.83]Some play games and get to know how team work plays a role in one's success.
[10:41.65]I'm a college student.
[10:43.63]I want to get to know the world out-side the campus by reading a variety of books and by social inter-action.
[10:52.36]I will visit libraries, museums and places of interests.
[10:57.53]In this way I will prove myself to be someone promising and useful to the society.
[11:04.71]187 Teacher-Student Relationship
[11:11.53]A good teacher-student relationship is essential to teaching and learning.
[11:18.22]Only with a good relationship can they cooperate well, that is,
[11:23.89]the teacher's teaching can achieve the desired ef-fect, and students can do well in their studies.
[11:30.97]This ideal relationship depends on the mutual efforts of both sides.
[11:37.03]First, students should respect their teachers and what their teachers do for them.
[11:44.08]They must be polite to teachers and ready to follow their good advice.
[11:49.59]Second, teachers should also be kind, patient and impartial to all students.
[11:57.40]They should be re-sponsible for their teaching and ready to help any student who is in trouble.
[12:04.43]They must also be kind and patient to each student no matter whether he does excellently or badly.
[12:12.87]Partiality and preju-dice are not recommendable.
[12:17.88]Of course, things sometimes are not so simple; unhappy misunderstanding may arise now and then.
[12:27.52]In this case, both sides should make efforts to remove it.
[12:32.85]They can explain what they think to each other and learn to think more for other people.
[12:39.12]If both sides treat each other in a friendly way, misunderstandings will be easily cleared-up.
[12:47.03]188 The Education of TV Children
[12:54.84]Many children act in "TV shows.
[12:58.19]They work several hours every day, so they cannot go to a regular school.
[13:04.01]How do they get an education?
[13:06.76]In Hollywood, where many TV shows are made, about forty teachers give lessons for the children in the shows.
[13:16.08]They teach wherever their pupils are working.
[13:19.82]The teacher's job is very important.
[13:22.80]She is responsible for making sure that the child works only the permitted hours each week;
[13:30.24]she is responsible for making sure that the child learns the required subjects.
[13:36.20]She makes sure, too, that the child gets e-nough rest and play, along with his education.
[13:44.19]Child actors are required to attend classes twenty hours each week.
[13:50.54]California law says that they must be taught from September to the middle of June.
[13:58.01]If they do not get good marks in school they are not permitted to continue working in TV shows.
[14:05.58]TV children are usually good pupils, and most of their Teachers like this special kind of work.
[14:14.23]Their classes are held in many interesting places.
[14:18.51]Sometimes the "classroom" is a Missis-sippi river boat.
[14:23.50]Sometimes it is the inside of a spaceship.
[14:27.24]Often the pupils become famous stars.
[14:31.81]189 English Teaching in Remote Areas
[14:39.18]After teaching three years in Shanghai, I asked to go to a re-mote area.
[14:45.89]I finally made it.
[14:47.61]I have always thought that experts should be sent not only to big towns
[14:52.76]where there is a lot of op-portunity to talk to English speakers, but also to remote areas.
[14:59.42]My experience in Nanping, Fujian, strengthened my opinions.
[15:05.17]I recently spent a month in Nanping, teaching English to teachers of English from North Fujian.
[15:12.98]It was an experience I shall never forget.
[15:16.72]There were about 50 teachers, their ages ranging from 19 to 65.
[15:23.90]There was also a wide range of levels.
[15:27.66]Most of them had never met a native English speaker before,
[15:32.62]and few had been on courses taught by an English-speaking expert.
[15:37.72]I was very impressed with the way in which they worked together.
[15:42.79]The more advanced students patiently helped the less advanced.
[15:47.28]They spent considerable time-some till late into the night--go-ing over the material they had learnt.
[15:55.61]The students were full of enthusiasm and made the most of the month's course.
[16:01.88]I learnt a lot more about China.
[16:04.31]It was a very worthwhile experience, and I hope to have the opportunity to do so again.
[16:11.05]It was a perfect example of what can be achieved with good cooperation.
[16:18.34]190 An Open University
[16:24.06]Some students at the Open University left school 20 years ago.
[16:30.67]Others are younger but all must be at least 21 years old.
[16:36.28]This is one example of how the Open University is different from all other universities.
[16:43.89]Its students must either work full-time or be at home all day for instance, mothers of families.
[16:52.14]They don't have to pass any examinations before they are accepted as stu-dents.
[16:58.36]This is why the university is called "open".
[17:02.25]The university was started in order to help a known group-
[17:07.47]people who missed having a university education when they were young.
[17:12.28]The first name for the Open University was the "University of the Air".
[17:18.84]The idea was to teach "on the air", in other words, on radio and television.
[17:25.89]Most of the teaching is done like this.
[17:29.55]Radio and television have brought the classroom into people's homes.
[17:35.03]But this, on its own, is not enough for a university edu-cation.
[17:40.78]The Open University student also receives advice at one of 283 study centres in the country.
[17:50.26]During 36 weeks of the year he has to send written work to a "tutor", the person who guides his studies.
[17:58.91]He must also spend 3 weeks every summer as a full-time student.
[18:04.60]Tutors and students meet-and study together, as in other universities.
[18:11.14]At the end of the Open University's first year, the results were good.
[18:17.38]Three out of every four university students passed their examinations.
[18:23.41]If they do this every year, they will finish their studies in 4 or 5 years.
[18:30.44]191 The New Recycling Program On Campus
[18:38.38]Thank you all for coming today to hear about the new recy-cling program on campus.
[18:46.06]Right now all recycling is volunteer-ing, but in the near future, it will most likely be mandatory.
[18:54.92]The recycling we planned is a 3-part program: sorting, collecting and distributing.
[19:03.35]The first part sorting is the hardest to get people to do.
[19:08.16]Most people don't like to take the time to separate their trash.
[19:13.12]This is usually where most recycling programs fail.
[19:17.72]How-ever we are determined to make ours work.
[19:22.16]Instead of seeing the usual brown trash cans all over the campus,
[19:27.49]from now on you will see trash cans of different colors.
[19:32.01]Pink trash cans are for pa-per; green cans are for glass;
[19:37.86]maroon ones are for metal and white ones are for all other wastes.
[19:43.74]Just remember pink paper; green glass; maroon metal and white waste.
[19:53.04]After the trash is sorted, it needs to be collected and then distributed to the correct recycling facilities.
[20:01.71]That's where all of you come in.
[20:03.91]Since this program is still a volunteer program,
[20:07.75]we are asking students to give a little of their time to the project,
[20:12.29]probably no more than 6 hours per person each week
[20:17.15]and again your job will be to collect the sort of trash and take to the different, centers for each type of trash.
[20:26.01]If you are willing to help us with the program by giving 6 hours a week,
[20:30.45]please write your names and phone numbers on this notepad.
[20:34.86]192 Pictures on Campus
[20:42.88]At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, when classes are over, stu-dents swarm out of the classroom buildings.
[20:50.95]Tired after a whole day of serious study,
[20:55.11]they mostly spend one or two hours before supper to relax
[21:00.07]and to refresh themselves before a long evening of hard work.
[21:05.24]If you take a walk on campus around this time, you will get an idea about what students do after class.
[21:14.12]On the sports ground, various kinds of sports activities are going on.
[21:20.44]You will see students jogging or playing ball games.
[21:24.75]Some of them may only be practising, some are competing seri-ously against others.
[21:31.47]If you are lucky, you may get a chance to watch a football game between the host and a visiting team.
[21:39.46]The Students Activities Center becomes the busiest place on campus.
[21:44.84]Members of various clubs meet at this time.
[21:48.60]You will find students learning dancing or enjoying a game of chess.
[21:54.69]Oth-ers simply sit around and talk.
[21:58.03]Perhaps this is the only time dur-ing the day that they can afford to talk with fellow students and to make friends.
[22:06.86]And they learn a lot from each other in this way.
[22:10.47]193 Reading
[22:15.90]Reading is very important for enriching one's knowledge.
[22:21.02]If people who can read don't keep reading, they will only have an empty mind.
[22:26.98]The world is changing rapidly.
[22:30.06]Great progress is made in even field.
[22:33.51]Different people have different experiences and opinions about everything.
[22:39.10]All these can be written in books.
[22:42.36]The books are treasures of human race.
[22:46.18]Reading makes people not only wise buy also informed.
[22:51.35]There are so many books in the world.
[22:55.01]Even if a person read all his life and didn't do anything else, he couldn't read all the books published.
[23:02.84]On the other hand, some books are not useful.
[23:07.31]Some books are even harmful.
[23:09.85]Therefore, it is quite nec-essary for everyone who begins to read to choose good books.
[23:16.06]The books chosen should be beautiful in both content and lan-guage.
[23:21.78]Another thing is that one should pay attention to the method used when reading books.
[23:28.89]Some books that are useful to one's profession should be read attentively and repeatedly.
[23:35.86]If the book belongs to the person,
[23:39.18]he can even make marks in the margin of each page, writing down his own opinions.
[23:45.16]Some books are only fancy stories and we can just read them in our leisure time.
[23:51.90]In this way we can obtain and enjoy what is interesting from most of the books we read.