修辞技巧(上)
修辞，即调整、修饰文字词句，是写作、说话的一门艺术，对写作者的语言掌握有较高的要求。
以前有个童话，国王问公主：“我在你心目中像什么?”公主回答：“敬爱的父王，您在我心目中就像盐一样。”国王勃然大怒，把公主赶出了他的国家。故事的经过我忘记了，总之最后，公主用一顿不加盐的菜肴终于使国王懂得，看似微不足道的盐，在我们的生活中扮演的却是多么重要的角色。
修辞就像盐：用得好，会使文章有滋有味;一旦缺乏，语言就会平淡乏味，缺少美感。调味恰当，青菜豆腐都是天下美味咯!
常见的修辞手段有如下几种：
A. 明喻(Simile)
—— Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children. (Henry W. Longfellow)
B. 暗喻(Metaphor)
—— Spring, the sweet Spring, is the years’s pleasant king.(Thomas Nash)
C. 拟人(Personification)
—— But the pine is trained to need nothing and endure everything. It is resolvedly whole, self-contained, desiring nothing but rightness, content with restricted completion. (John Ruskin)
D. 夸张(Exaggeration)
—— Hamlet: I love Ophelia, forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up my sum. (Shakespare)
E. 借代(Metonymy)
—— Have you ever read Shakespeare?
练习：
请为以上介绍的修辞方法各找一句相应的句子，可以是你自己写的，可以是某句歌词、某句台词，也可以是你所看过的某本书中的一句，甚至是谚语。
A. 明喻(Simile)
Far out in the ocean, where the water is as blue as the prettiest cornflower, and as clear as crystal.
在那遥远的海洋，那儿的海水蓝得像最美丽的矢车菊花瓣，清澈得犹如水晶一般。
B. 暗喻(Metaphor)
"But he is not a man-- he is a mushroom!"
"他简直不象是个人，他是个蘑菇。"
C. 拟人(Personification)
The white moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky. 明月听着歌声，竟然忘记了黎明，只顾在天空中徘徊。
D. 夸张(Exaggeration)
He thought two of his ribs might already have cracked from trying not to laugh.
他因为要憋住不笑已经憋到两根胁骨都快断掉了。
E. 借代(Metonymy)
You can come in, but your filter-tipped little buddy has to stay outside!
你可以进来，不过你那个带过滤嘴的小伙伴得待外面。
