What is garbage disposal　什么是垃圾处理
     A garbage disposal unit or waste disposal unit is a device, usually electrically powered, installed under a kitchen sink between the sink's drain and the trap which shreds food waste into pieces small enough-generally less than 2 mm (0.079 in)-to pass through plumbing.
     Garbage disposal units are widely used in North American households, but far less commonly used elsewhere. In nations with ready access to water and an industrial base, these devices are generally permitted.
     Kitchen waste disposal units increase the load of organic carbon that reaches water treatment plant, which in turn increases the consumption of oxygen. Metcalf ＆ Eddy quantified this impact as 0.04 pounds of biochemical oxygen demand per person per day where disposers are used.
     This may result in higher costs for energy needed to supply oxygen in secondary operations. However, if the waste water treatment is finely controlled, the organic carbon in the food may help to keep the bacterial decomposition running, as carbon may be deficient in that process. This increased carbon serves as an inexpensive and continuous source of carbon necessary for biologic nutrient removal.
     One result is larger amounts of solid residue from the waste-water treatment process. According to a study at the East Bay Municipal Utility District's wastewater treatment plant funded by the EPA, food waste produces three times the biogas as compared to municipal sewage sludge. The value of the biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of food waste appears to exceed the cost of processing the food waste and disposing of the residual biosolids (based on a LAX Airport proposal to divert 8,000 tons/year of bulk food waste.)
     In a study at the Hyperion (Los Angeles) sewage treatment works, disposer use showed minimal to no impact on the total biosolids byproduct from sewage treatment and similarly minimal impact on handling processes as the high volatile solids destruction (VSD) from food waste yield a minimum amount of solids in residue.
     Energy usage is not high； typically 500 to 1500 watts of power are used, comparable to an electric iron, but only for a very short time, totaling approximately 3-4 kilowatt hours of electricity per household per year. Daily water usage varies, but is typically one gallon of water per person per day, comparable to an additional toilet flush. One survey of these food processing units found a slight increase in household water use.
     垃圾(garbage)是人类日常生活和生产中产生的固体废弃物(solid rejected material)，由于排出量大，成分(component)复杂多样，给处理(disposal)和利用(utility)带来困难，如不能及时处理或处理不当，就会污染环境(environmental pollution)，影响环境卫生。垃圾处理就是要把垃圾迅速清除，并进行无害化处理(harmless disposal)，最后加以合理利用。当今广泛应用的垃圾处理方法是卫生填埋(sanitary landfills)、高温堆肥(high-temperature composting)和焚烧。垃圾处理的目的是无害化、资源化和减量化。

     On-line monitoring system should be installed for urban domestic garbage disposal sites.
     城市生活垃圾处理处置场（厂）集中在线监控系统应该建立起来。
     The action plan calls for countries to reduce by half the number of people living without clean water and waste removal systems by the year 2015.
     此项行动计划呼吁各国到2015年为止，使生活在无干净水和垃圾处理系统里的人口数量减少一半。
     There are 345 garbage treatment plants of various kinds being investigated and 107 ones being monitored.
     共调查各类垃圾处理场345座，监测107座。
     Refuse disposal operatives is our council's euphemistic name for dustmen.
     垃圾处理工是我们市政会对清洁工的委婉称谓。
     Chinese garbage disposal industry started late, but with the years of development, our garbage disposal industry has taken shape.
     中国垃圾处理行业起步晚，但通过近年来的发展，我国垃圾处理产业初具规模。
     The garbage disposal market in our country has stepped in to the growth period from leading-in period and is developing towards mature period.
     现在我国的垃圾处理市场已经从导入期进入到成长期，并正向成熟期迈进。
     With the increasing concern about environment issues, energy saving and environment protection has become the development theme of each country, which provide opportunity for the development of garbage disposal industry.
     随着环境问题逐渐被重视，节能、环保成为各国的发展主题，已经开始为垃圾处理提供产业发展的机会。
     The recycling and processing of discarded resources and materials not only resolve the energy shortage problem but reduce the discharge of garbage.
     废弃资源和废旧材料回收利用加工不但解决了资源短缺问题，还降低了垃圾排放。
     The ways of garbage disposal is different due to national conditions.
     国外对城市垃圾的处理一般是随国情而不同。
     Landfill takes relatively big proportion in the terminal way of garbage disposal.
     填埋法作为垃圾的最终处置手段一直占有较大比例。
     Because of complying with the requirement of energy recycling, burning has become the widely used technology of urban garbage disposal around the world.
     由于顺应了回收能源的要求，焚烧成为了目前世界各国广泛采用的城市垃圾处理技术。
     The landfill of urban garbage will lead to severe water and soil pollution.
     城市垃圾掩埋会导致严重的水土污染。
     Human's domestic garbage contains many noxious substances, germs, virus and various of heavy metals, which are extremely harm to the survival and proliferation of human and living things.
     人类的生活垃圾包括很多有毒有害物质和病菌、病毒以及各种重金属元素，极易危害人类和生物的正常生存繁衍。
Part 3　Let's Talk！　开始交流吧！
     Jimmy: Look, many garbage in the corner again.
     吉米：看，墙角处又堆放了很多垃圾。
     Andy: Yes, everyday there are many garbage, and they'll be carried away in the afternoon.
     安迪：是的，每天这里都会有很多垃圾，到了下午会被运走。
     Jimmy: Transport to where?
     吉米：这些垃圾要运到哪里去？
     Andy: Garbage landfill.
     安迪：垃圾填埋场。
     Jimmy: Do you mean that they will be buried?
     吉米：你的意思是进行垃圾填埋处理吗？
     Andy: Yes, landfill is a broadly used way of garbage disposal in many countries.
     安迪：是的，现在填埋处理是很多国家广泛使用的方法。
     Jimmy: But there are many garbage that can not easily degrade such as plastic bags, which need hundreds of years to degrade. Besides it contains many substances that do harm to soil.
     吉米：但是很多垃圾不容易降解，比如塑料袋，需要几百年的时间才能降解。而且还有很多物质对于土壤是有害的。
     Andy: Some other countries choose the disposal way of burning.
     安迪：有些国家也使用焚烧的方法处理垃圾。
     Jimmy: Burning also has disadvantages. The harmful even noxious components generated from burning garbage will diffuse and influence the air quality as well as human health.
     吉米：焚烧也有弊端。燃烧所产生的有害甚至有毒物质会随着风扩散，影响空气质量和人们的身体健康。
     Andy: Aiming at these problems, many countries take measures to reduce the negative effect of environment by garbage disposal.
     安迪：针对你这些问题，很多国家都采取了应对措施以减少垃圾处理对环境造成的危害。
     Jimmy: For example?
     吉米：比如呢？
     Andy: Some countries advocate the use of environment-protection plastic bags, which can be degraded in two or three years after land filling. Still other countries burn garbage in rural areas that is far away from residential areas.
     安迪：有些国家提倡使用环保塑料袋，这些塑料袋填埋后两到三年就可以分解。还有的国家将垃圾焚烧场所设立在远离居民区的郊外。
     Jimmy: These are subjective methods. Which in my point of view is most important is to arise public awareness of environment protection, advocate saving and popularize the utilization of waste materials.
     吉米：这些都是主观的方法。我认为最重要的是唤起人们的环保意识，提倡节约，推广废物利用。
     Andy: You're right. The target can be effectively reached only if increasing public awareness.
     安迪：你说的对，只有提高了公共意识才能更有效地达到目的。