[初中]全新英语语法09-4 48组易混动词用法辨析
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    动词是表示人或事物的动作或状态的词。根据动词在句中的功能,动词可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。而实义动词是表示动作或状态,并具有实际行为含义,在句子中能独立作谓语的动词。实义动词也称为行为动词。

    09-4 48组易混动词用法辨析

    1.agree with,agree to和agree on

    ■agree with ...指“同意某人或某人的意见、观点、决定、想法、安排、解释”等,其后可以是一个名词,也可以是what引起的从句。如:

    I don't agree with you.我不同意你的意见。

    I don't agree with what you said.我不同意你所说的。

    ■agree to是指“同意某计划、建议、或提议”等;后跟动词原形,意为“同意干某事”。如:Who else will agree to this suggestion besides him?除他以外,还有谁会同意这个建议呢?

    We agreed to start early.我们同意早点动身。

    ■agree on 指在某方面取得一致的看法或意见。如:

    We agreed on leaving for Beijing the next day.我们一致同意第二天去北京。

    2.answer和reply

    ■answer是常用词,可指口头、笔头,甚至行动回答,有时可与reply通用。如:

    Who can answer the question?谁能回答这个问题?

    Please answer the telephone.请接一下电话。

    ■reply 较answer正式,既可指用语言、书面作答,也可指用动作或手势作答,常用于正式场合或书面语中,指经过慎重考虑作出的答复。如:

    I sent in my application,and the school replied immediately.我把申请书交上去,学校立即给了答复。

    I don't know what to reply.我不知道该回答什么。

    注意:

    在表示回答问题时,answer后直接跟question;reply后要加介词to。试比较:

    answer the question回答问题;reply to the question回答问题。

    3.apologize to和apologize for

    ■apologize to sb.相当于say sorry to sb.表示“向某人道歉”。如:

    You should apologize to the old man.你应当向那老人道歉。

    ■apologize for sb.意为“替某人道歉或认错”。如:

    Johnny,I want to apologize for us all.约翰尼,我代表我们大家向你道歉。

    注意:

    apologize to后通常只接表示人的名词或代词,apologize for后除可接表示人代名词或代词外,还可接表示事物的名词。apologize for sth.意为“因……而道歉”。如:

    I must apologize for the untidy state of the room.屋子这么不整洁,实在抱歉。

    I must apologize for calling you so late.实在抱歉,这么晚给您打电话。

    4.argue about和argue with

    ■argue about指“为某事而争论、争吵”。如:

    Don't argue about the matter any more.不要再为那件事争论不休了。

    ■argue with 指“与某人争吵、争论或吵架”。如:

    The two brothers often argue with each other.那两兄弟经常互相争吵。

    注意:

    表示“因某事与某人争吵”或“与某人辩论某事”为argue with sb.about sth.或argue against sb.on sth.如:

    They argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.他们与服务员为饭钱而争吵起来。

    5.arrive,reach和get to

    ■arrive是不及物动词,其后不能直接跟表示地点的名词,与at或in连用后可以跟表示地点的名词;表示使用某种交通工具到达时常用arrive。如:

    Has the train arrived?火车到达了吗?

    They arrived at the village on a rainy night.他们在一个雨夜里到达了那个村庄。

    注意:

    arrive at指到达较小的地方,如车站、机场、码头、学校、工厂、商店等。如:

    It was dark when I arrived at the airport.我到达机场时天就黑了。

    arrive in指到达较大的地方,如村庄、城镇、地区、国家等。如:

    When did you arrive in Beijing yesterday?你昨天什么时候到达的北京?

    ■reach是及物动词,正式用语,其后直接跟表示地点的名词。如:

    He reached Japan on October the second 2017.他于2017年10月2日到达日本。

    ■get to是短语动词,相当于及物动词,在口语中用的多,使用的范围也很广,不管是步行还是乘车、乘船、乘飞机等到达目的地或中途暂停都可以用。如:

    Can you tell me how I can get to the airport?你能告诉我到机场怎么走吗?

    注意:

    当arrive,get to后跟副词home,here,there时,arrive后不再用at或in,get后不再用to。如:

    When the train arrived here,it was raining hard.火车到达这儿的时候,正在下着大雨。

    When did you get home?你什么时候到家的?

    6.be,become,get和turn

    ■be表示“成为”时,多用于将来时、祈使句或不定式。如:

    I would like to be a bus-driver.我想成为一名公共汽车司机。

    My younger sister wants to be a movie star.我妹妹想当一名电影明星。

    ■become多指身份、职位等的变化,强调变化的过程已经完成,后面可接名词或形容词。如:

    Later the boy became an artist.后来那男孩成为一名画家。

    Her mother became angry when she heard the news.她妈妈听到这个消息时非常生气。

    ■get多用于口语,表示一种变化过程,强调的是“渐渐变得”,后常接形容词的比较级。如:

    It's getting darker and darker outside.户外天色越来越暗。

    In winter the days get shorter.冬季白天变得较短。

    ■turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同,强调变化的结果。如:

    Leaves turned brown in the mountains.山里的树叶已变成了棕色。

    7.be about to和be going to

    ■be about to do意为“就要、即将干某事”,指最近的将来,表示动作马上就要发生。如:

    Don't leave now.We are about to have lunch.现在不要走,我们马上就要吃午饭了。

    ■be going to意为“即将、打算干某事”,表示对某事事先有准备、有计划或有打算,也可表示预计要发生或不可避免要发生的事。如:

    Look,it's cloudy.It's going to rain.看,天开始阴沉沉的,要下雨了。

    注意:

    be about to本身已清楚地表示出即将到来的短暂时刻,故句子中不能与at once,immediately及表示具体的将来的时间连用。如:

    I'm about to go.我马上过去。(不能说成:I'm about to go at once.或I'm about to go tomorrow.)

    8.be angry about,be angry at和be angry with

    ■be angry about指对某事生气,其后跟表示某事的名词或代词。如:

    He was angry about the noises in the next room.他因隔壁房间的吵闹而生气。

    ■be angry at指对某人的言行生气。如:

    He was angry at her answer.他对她的回答很生气。

    ■be angry with指对某人生气,其后跟表示人的名词或代词。如:

    She is angry with me.她在生我的气。

    9.beat和win

    ■beat后接表示人及人的群体名词或代词作宾语,常用于游戏或比赛中战胜某人或打败某人。如:Our class beat Class One in the table tennis match yesterday.昨天我们班在乒乓球比赛中赢了一班。

    ■win后接表示事物的名词或代词作宾语,在句子中通常与game,match,prize等词搭配,表示在某项活动或比赛中获胜。如:

    Who won the game?谁赢了那场比赛。

    She won the first place in the competition.她在比赛中获得第一名。

    [一言辨异] Yesterday I beat my classmate at chess.He won only one set,while I won two sets.昨天下棋我赢了我同学。他只赢了一盘,而我赢了两盘。

    10.believe和believe in

    ■believe指相信某人或某人说的话。强调人或事的诚实和真实性。如:

    Don't you believe me?难道你不相信我吗?

    I don't believe until I see it with my own eyes.我亲眼看到后我才相信。

    ■believe in指信赖或信任某人的人格、力量等;也指信奉某宗教、神等。如:

    We believe in him,for he is always careful with everything.我们信任他是因为他做什么事情都很认真。

    11.be made of和be made from

    ■be made of指从所制成的物品中能看到原材料,即原材料只发生了物理变化。如:

    Our desks and chairs are all made of wood.我们的课桌和椅子都是用木材制成的。

    ■be made from指从所制成的物品中看不出原材料,或者说是原材料发生了化学变化。如:Some paper is made from wood.有些纸是由木材制成的。

    注意:

    有时,在制成品中很难断定能否看出原材料,这时be made 后用of或from皆可。如:

    Bread is made of/from flour.馒头是用面粉做成的。

    12.be out,go out和turn off

    ■be out表示“熄灭、灭”时,指灯、火等熄灭的状态,句子的主语通常是表示灯或火的名词而不是人。如:

    The forest fires were out at last because of two days' heavy rain.因为下了两天雨,森林大火终于熄灭了。

    ■go out表示“熄灭、灭”时,侧重于灯或火熄灭的动作,句子的主语是表示灯或火的名词而不是人。如:

    The lights went out at ten o'clock last night.昨夜电灯是十点钟熄灭的。

    ■turn off表示“熄灭、灭”时,是指某人把灯或火熄灭,强调动作,句子的主语是人而不是表示灯或火的词。如:

    Please turn off the light before you leave the room.离开房间前请关上灯。

    注意:

    be out,go out表示自身的动作,即当主语是灯、火、灯火一类的词时,用be out或go out;当主语是人时,则用turn off。如:

    The fire on the hill was out yesterday.山上的火昨天就熄灭了。

    Will you please turn off the TV?请关上电视好吗?

    [一言辨异] The light went out suddenly.Do you know who turned it off?电灯突然灭了,你知道是谁关的吗?

    13.be pleased at,be pleased with和be pleased to

    ■be pleased at指“因……高兴”,其后常常跟动名词。如:

    We are pleased at hearing of your success.听说你获得成功,我们都感到很高兴。

    ■be pleased with指“对……感到高兴;对……感到满意”,其后的宾语可以是物,也可以是人。如:

    The boss was pleased with John's work.老板对约翰的工作是满意的。

    They were very pleased with the boy.他们对那个男孩很满意。

    ■be pleased to指“高兴做……;乐意做……;因做……而感到高兴”,其后要用动词原形。如:

    I am very pleased to help you.我非常乐意帮助你。

    注意:

    be pleased at与be pleased with有时候可以互换使用,这时其后只能接名词。如:

    He is pleased with (at)the bike.那辆自行车他很满意。

    14.be proud for和be proud of

    ■be proud for指“为……感到骄傲、自豪”,强调主语设身处地地为他人取得的成就而感到自豪。如:You have four books published so far,I am proud for you.到目前为止,你已出版四本书了,我为你感到自豪。

    ■be proud of指“因……感到骄傲、自豪”,一般指因自己有了某人、某物或某成就而感到骄傲或自豪。如:

    He is proud of his daughter's ability to speak four languages.他为女儿能说四种语言而骄傲。

    15.be strict in和be strict with

    ■be strict in指在某一方面或某事上对自己要求严格,in后接表示某事的名词。如:

    We all must be strict in our study.我们都必须在学习上严格要求自己。

    ■be strict with指对某人严格要求,with后接表示人的名词。如:

    Our teacher is very strict with all of us.我们老师对我们大家要求很严格。

    注意:

    be strict后跟反身代词表示对某人自己严格要求用with,不能用in。如:

    We should be strict with ourselves in our study at school.在学校我们应当在学习上严格要求自己。

    16.be used to和get used to

    ■be used to指已经习惯于某一客观事实或状态,并不强调动作。如:

    He is used to the weather here.他已经习惯于这里的天气。

    ■get used to指的是从不习惯到习惯这样一个过程的转变,强调动作,还往往包含克服困难去适应的意思。如:

    In the end he got used to the weather here.最后他终于习惯于这里的天气了。

    注意:

    be used to和get used to后跟动词时要用动名词形式。如:

    They are used to getting up early in the morning.他们已习惯于早上早起床了。

    17.be used to和used to

    ■be used to表示“已经习惯于干某事”,指某动作过去不常做而现在已习惯做了,强调目前的情况。to后接名词或动名词。如:

    The teacher is used to going to bed late in the evening.老师已习惯于晚上晚睡觉。

    ■used to表示“过去常常干某事”,指过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,现在已不再那样,侧重与现在的比较;to后用动词原形。如:

    The woman used to help the others in troubles.那妇女过去常常帮助有困难的人。

    He used to play basketball after school.他过去放学后常常打篮球。

    注意:

    ①used to do表示“过去常常干……”;used to be 表示“过去常常是……”。如:

    The old man used to be a great airplane driver.那位老人过去是一位出色的飞机驾驶员。

    The young pioneers used to help the old man carry water after school.那些少先队员过去常常在放学后帮那位老人打水。

    ②be used to do表示“……被用来做……”,其后的不定式作主语补足语。如:

    Computers are used to help people do many things.电脑被用来帮助人们做很多事情。

    18.borrow,lend和keep

    ■borrow 指从主语的角度“借进、借入”,表示“从(向)……借……,自己暂时使用”,常与from连用,构成borrow sth.from sb.句型。如:

    You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借那本字典。

    ■lend 指“把……借给”,表示将自己的东西借给别人,常与to连用,构成lend sth.to sb.句型。如:I have lent my bike to Xiao Li。我把自行车借给小李了。

    ■keep指借阅或保留多长时间,常与how long,for引起的时间连用。如:

    How long may I keep the book?这本书我可以借多长时间?

    [一言辨异] I have an MP3 here,you can borrow it and keep it for two weeks,but you mustn't lend it to others.我这儿有一款MP3,你可以借去用,而且可以借用两周,但是你不能把它借给别人。

    19.bring,take,carry,fetch和get

    ■bring 指从别处把东西或人带来、拿来。如:

    He brought a new book with him.他带来一本新书。

    ■take 指把东西带走或拿走。如:

    Please take the letter to the post office.请把这封信带到邮局去。

    ■carry 指带较重的东西,不强调动作的方向性。如:

    Let me carry the box for you.让我替你拿这个箱子吧。

    ■fetch 指到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来,有去回双程的意味。如:

    Please fetch some chalk for me.请去给我拿些粉笔来。

    ■get 是常用词,多用于口语,与fetch 同义。如:

    Go and get some water.去打些水来。

    20.buy,afford和get

    ■buy指花钱购买,侧重于购买的行为。如:

    I bought a bike last week.上周我买了一辆自行车。

    ■afford指有足够的钱买某物,侧重于购买者的经济能力。如:

    I was not able to afford a new car.我买不起新车。

    ■get指买到某物,侧重于购买的结果。如:

    She got two tickets for today's train.她买了两张今天的火车票。

    注意:

    ①buy是短暂动作的动词,在现在完成时态中不能与how long及for引起的一段时间连用。在表示某物买了多长时间时要用have代替buy。如:

    I have had the dictionary for two years.这本字典我买了两年了。

    How long have you had your bike?你的自行车买了多长时间了?

    ②can't afford to buy sth.意为“买不起……”;can't afford to waste sth.意为“浪费不起”。

    21.catch a cold和have a cold

    ■catch a cold表示“感冒”,强调动作,但不能延续。如:我们可以说He caught a cold.他感冒了。但不可以说He has caught a cold for two days.他感冒已两天了。

    ■have a cold表示“感冒”,强调状态,可以延续,有时可以与catch a cold通用。如:

    The boy often has/catches a cold.那男孩经常感冒。

    He has had a cold for three days.他已感冒三天了。

    注意:

    ①catch a cold中的冠词a 可以省略,而have a cold中的冠词a则不能省略。如:

    正:Be careful not to catch cold.当心别感冒。

    误:Be careful not to have cold.当心别感冒。

    ②cold前面若有形容词修饰时,catch a cold中的冠词a则不能省去。如:

    正:He seemed to have caught a very bad cold.他好像患了重感冒。

    误:He seemed to have caught very bad cold.他好像患了重感冒。

    22.close和shut

    ■close常指把开着的门窗、盒子、箱子等关闭起来,其反义词是open。如:

    Did you close all the doors and windows?你把所有的门窗都关上了吗?

    ■shut常可与close互换,但shut更强调把门窗等关好,使不能通过或打开。如:

    You should shut the door before going to bed.睡觉之前你应当把门关好。

    注意:

    ①表示关闭公路、铁路、或交通渠道时,一般只用close而不用shut。如:

    They've closed the road for repairs.他们已关闭这条公路,要翻修。

    ②下列表示语气比较重或比较粗暴的句子中仅用shut,而不用close。如:

    Shut up!闭嘴!

    Shut the bloody door!关上那个鬼门!

    He shut his eyes to the severe reality.对于这严峻的现实,他闭着眼睛假装看不见。

    23.collect和gather

    ■collect 指有目的、有计划、有挑选地精心收集。如:

    He collected a lot of valuable stamps.他收集了许多有价值的邮票。

    ■gather指一点点地收集,或把分散的东西集中到一块。如:

    The country girl gathered some firewood.那个农家姑娘拾了些柴火。

    24.cost,take,pay和spend

    ■cost表示“花费”时既可以指花费时间,也可以指花费金钱,句子的主语通常是物或事,只有主动式,没有被动式。如:

    The pen cost me ten yuan.这只钢笔花了我十元钱。

    The job cost a lot of time.那项工作花了很多的时间。

    ■take常用来指花费时间,句子的主语通常是it作形式主语放在句首,真正主语动词不定式放在句末。如:

    It takes me three hours to go there.我去那儿需要花三个小时。

    ■pay指花费金钱,句子的主语是人。如:

    I paid 5,000 yuan for the computer.买那台电脑我花了五千元钱。

    ■spend表示花费时,宾语通常是时间、金钱等,强调句子的主语必须是人,常用的句型有spend ...on和spend (in)doing。如:

    She spent a lot of money on books.她花了很多钱买书。

    She spent the whole evening (in)reading.她把整个晚上都用来读书。

    [一句多译] 我爸爸买那辆车花了十二万元。

    ◇The car cost my father 120,000 yuan.

    ◇It took my father 120,000 yuan to buy the car.

    ◇My father paid 120,000 yuan for the car.

    ◇My father spent 120,000 yuan on the car.

    ◇My father spent 120,000 yuan buying the car.

    25.die of和die from

    ■die of指因疾病、年老、悲伤或饥饿等而死亡。如:

    The old man died of SARS.这位老人死于非典。

    ■die from指死于非命,即因事故等外部原因而致死。如:

    Thousands of people die from traffic accidents every year.每年有成千上万的人死于交通事故。

    26.deal with和do with

    ■deal with常与how连用,表示处理的方式。如:

    How are you going to deal with the TV set?你打算怎么处理这台电视机?

    ■do with往往与what搭配使用,表示处理的结果。如:

    What are you going to do with the camera you found?你打算怎么处理你找到的那部照相机?

    27.dislike和hate

    ■dislike指不喜欢、讨厌、反感、憎恶,表示认为某人或某物使人不愉快从而不喜欢他们,没有hate所表达的感情强烈。如:

    I dislike his way of talking.我不喜欢他说话的方式。

    ■hate指对某人、物或行为表示极大的不满或厌恶,有时含有敌视并伤害对方的意思。如:

    We hate our enemy.我们憎恨我们的敌人。

    28.dress,wear,put on和have on

    ■dress强调穿的动作,后跟表示人的名词或代词作宾语,只用于穿衣服,不表示穿鞋、袜或戴帽子、手套、手表等。如:

    She dressed her brother every morning.她每天早上给弟弟穿衣服。

    ■wear强调穿、戴的状态,其后可以跟衣服、鞋帽、袜子、手套、手表等作宾语。如:

    She is wearing a black jacket.今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克衫。

    ■put on强调穿、戴的动作,后跟衣、帽、鞋、袜等作宾语。如:

    He put on his coat and hat and went out.他穿上外套、戴上帽子,然后出去了。

    ■have on强调穿、戴的状态,相当于wear,但have on没有进行时态和被动语态。如:

    She had on a red dress that day.那天她穿着红色的裙子。

    29.find和look for

    ■find意为“找到、发现”,侧重“找”的结果。如:

    Her lost watch was found yesterday.她丢失的手表昨天找到了。

    ■look for表示“寻找”,侧重“找”的动作和过程,不强调结果。如:

    What are you looking for in the room?你在房间里找什么呢?

    [一言辨异] My brother looked for a job everywhere,but he hasn't found one till now yet.我哥哥到处找工作,但直到现在也没找到。

    30.forget和leave

    ■forget指大脑不能记起或回忆不出过去的人、事物或事情,其反义词是remember。如:

    I forgot his name.我忘记了他的名字。

    ■leave指因粗心而没带某物或把某物落在某处,其后往往有一个地点状语。如:

    I left my key at home.我把钥匙忘在家里了。

    He left his exercise book in the classroom.他把练习本忘在教室里了。

    31.go to bed,go to sleep和fall asleep

    ■go to bed意为“去睡觉、就寝”,指上床睡觉这一动作,但不一定睡着。如:

    I used to go to bed at eleven o'clock.我过去常常在11点睡觉。

    ■go to sleep意为“入睡”,指睡着了,强调睡觉的结果。如:

    I often go to sleep very late in the evening.我晚上常常很晚才睡着。

    ■fall asleep与go to sleep用法相同,但fall asleep更强调进入睡眠的状态。如:

    When I visited him,he fell asleep in the chair.我去看他的时候,他在椅子上睡着了。

    注意:

    get to sleep,get into sleep,be asleep都有“入睡、睡着”的意思。get to sleep,get into sleep与go to sleep用法相同;be asleep与fall asleep用法相同。他们常常可以通用。

    32.hanged和hung

    ■hang表示“绞死、吊死、上吊、处以绞刑”时,它的过去式和过去分词是hanged。如:

    They hanged the prisoner at dawn.拂晓时分他们绞死了犯人。

    ■hang表示“悬挂、吊着”时,它的过去式和过去分词是hung。如:

    They hung four new paintings in the foyer.他们在门厅悬挂着四幅新的绘画作品。

    33.happen和take place

    ■happen为常用词语,指一切客观事物或情况偶然或未能预见地发生。如:

    The accident happened yesterday.事故发生在昨天。

    ■take place 指“发生事先计划或预料到的事”。如:

    The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.按计划会议在八点举行了。

    34.have和there be

    ■have表示所属关系,指某人或某物所有或具有。如:

    I have a brother.我有个弟弟。

    The table has four legs.那张桌子有四条腿。

    ■there be表示存在关系,指某处有某物。如:

    There isn't anything interesting in today's newspaper.在今天的报纸上没有什么有趣的东西。

    注意:

    ①当主语是第三人称单数时,have要用其第三人称单数形式has。如:

    The girl has a digital camera.那个女孩有一台数码相机。

    ②There be句型的现在时态形式是there is,there are;过去时态形式是there was,there were;将来时态形式是there will be;完成时态形式是there have been。如:

    There will be a sports meeting in our school next week.下周我们学校将有一场运动会。

    35.have a word with和have words with

    ■have a word with意思是“与……谈话”,无论谈话是内容多少,word都不能使用复数。如:Are you free now?I want to have a word with you.你现在有空吗?我想跟你谈谈。

    ■have words with意思是“与……吵架”,在表示这个意思时,word必须用复数形式。如:Fangfang had words with her husband again yesterday.芳芳昨天又和她丈夫吵架了。

    注意:

    have words with sb.等于quarrel with sb.都是“与某人吵架”的意思。

    36.hear和listen to

    ■hear及物动词,表示“听见、听到”,强调“听”的结果,不一定是有意识地听。如:

    I heard someone knocking at the door just now.刚才我听到有人在敲门。

    ■listen to是指有意识地“听”,但不一定能听见,强调“听”的行为。如:

    Please listen to the teacher carefully in class.在课堂上请认真听老师讲课。

    [一言辨异] I listened to them carefully outside the door,but heard nothing.我在门外仔细地听了听,但什么也没听到。

    37.hope和wish

    ■hope意为“希望、盼望”,指实现某一愿望有把握或有信心。hope后常跟动词不定式或从句作宾语,不能直接跟名词、动名词或复合结构。如:

    I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能见到你。

    I hope that you will come tomorrow.我希望你明天来。

    ■wish意为“希望、愿望”,一般用于“难以实现或不可能实现的愿望”,强调主语的主观愿望,指“希望、愿、想”;wish还常用于祝贺句中。如:

    I wish I could have a new car.我多么希望有一辆新车。

    We wish you a safe journey.祝你一路平安。

    38.influence和affect

    ■influence指通过说服、举例等对他人的行为、思想、性格等方面所产生的、不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响,也可指自然力的影响。如:

    What you read influences your thinking.你读的东西对你的思想有影响。

    ■affect指产生的影响之大足以引起反应或发生变化,着重“影响”的动作,主语通常是物而不是人,指一事物对另一事物产生的消极影响。如:

    This article will affect my thinking.这篇文章将会影响我的思想。

    39.join,attend和take part in

    ■join指参加某个组织并成为该组织中的一个成员。如:

    He joined the Party last year.他是去年入党的。

    ■attend指出席,参加某场合,着重指动作。如attend a meeting出席会议;attend a lecture听演讲,听课;attend a wedding参加婚礼。

    ■take part in常用来指参加某项活动,并在活动中起一定作用。如:

    They took part in the game last Friday.上星期五他们参加了那项比赛。

    注意:

    join表示参加游戏等活动时,其后要加介词in,如join in a game参加游戏。

    40.leave和leave for

    ■leave意为“离开”,指从……走出或远离,作及物动词时,其后的名词就是离开的地方。如:I left the school last month.我上个月离开了那所学校。

    ■leave for意为“动身去某地,前往某地”,强调离开的目的是为了去某地,leave for后的名词不是离开的地点,而是要去的地方。如:

    I'm going to leave for the school this afternoon.今天下午我要去那所学校。

    注意:

    表示“离开某地去某地”用leave ...for ...。如:

    Her father left the city for Shanghai yesterday.她父亲昨天离开这座城市去了上海。

    41.Let's和Let us

    ■Let's 指向对方提出建议,劝诱对方一同做某事,即“咱们去做某事吧”,强调我们做,对方也一起做;反意疑问句用shall we。如:

    Let's have a rest,shall we?咱们休息一下,好吗?

    ■Let us指向对方提出请求,请求对方允许,即“让(或允许)我们做某事”,强调对方不做,我们做;反意疑问句用will you。如:

    Let us have a rest,will you?让我们休息一下,好吗?

    42.like,love,enjoy和be fond of

    ■like指单纯地对某人或某一事物感兴趣或有好感,并经常或积极去参与。其后可以跟名词、动词不定式或动名词。如:

    I like English.我喜欢英语。

    He likes reading aloud.他喜欢大声朗读。

    ■love 包含一定的感情色彩,意为“爱、热爱、(深深地)喜欢”,其后可以跟名词、动词不定式或动名词。如:

    We love our motherland.我们热爱我们的祖国。

    The boy is a football fan and he loves watching football matches very much.那男孩是个足球迷,他很喜欢看足球比赛。

    ■enjoy表示“喜爱、喜欢”,侧重于“欣赏、享受……的乐趣”,其后只接名词或动名词,不能跟动词不定式。如:

    The old man enjoys fishing.那位老人喜欢钓鱼。

    Mary enjoyed the gift from her boyfriend.玛丽非常喜欢她男朋友给的礼物。

    ■be fond of表示“喜欢、爱好、喜好”,强调对某事有深厚的情感,近乎于嗜好、酷爱的程度。其后跟名词、代词或动名词。如:

    He is fond of sweet food.他喜爱甜食。

    注意:

    love表示“喜欢”的意思时,一般不用于否定句;love用于否定句时意为“爱”。如:

    She likes him,but she doesn't love him.她喜欢他,但是她不爱他。

    43.look,see和watch

    ■look表示“看、望”是不及物动词,指有意识地集中精力看,但不一定看见或不强调看的结果。其后接宾语时要加介词at。如:

    She looked at me with a smile.他微笑地看着我。

    ■see意为“看见、看到”,强调动作的结果。其后可直接跟名词作宾语。如:

    I saw him standing at the gate.我看见他站在门口。

    ■watch意思是“观看、注视”,指全神贯注地看。看电视、看戏、看比赛、看实验以及各种表演、场面等一般用watch。如:

    They watch TV only on Sunday evening.他们只在星期六晚上看电视。

    They are watching a football match.他们在看足球比赛。

    注意:

    表示“看书、看报、看书信、看刊物、看杂志”等要用read;“看医生”要用see。

    44.pay,pay for和pay ...for

    ■pay意为“付款,付给,支付”,表示支付某物的费用或把钱付给某人,其后的宾语可以是金钱、账单及各种费用等,也可以是人。如:

    Who will pay our traveling expense?谁来付我们的旅行费?

    He hasn't paid the mobile phone bill yet this month.他还没有交这个月的手机费。

    ■pay for意为“付……的钱,为……付款”,表示为所买的东西或其他费用付款。其后的宾语是物或事等。如:

    How much did you pay for the book?那本书你付了多少钱?

    I have paid for the meal.饭钱我已经付过了。

    ■pay ...for意为“为……付款,付给(某人)……的费用”,表示为某物或某事支付……费用,或为某事或某物付给某人款,常用的结构有①pay some money for sth. ;②pay sb.some money for sth. ;③pay sb. for sth. 。如:

    I paid ten yuan for the English book.我花了10元钱买那本英语书。

    He paid me 20 yuan for the dictionary.为那本字典他给了我20元。

    When will you pay us for the work?你什么时候付给我们工钱?

    45.say,speak,tell和talk

    ■say意思是“说、说出、说道”,着重说话的内容,多用作及物动词。如:

    He said thanks to the young man.他对那个年轻人说谢谢。

    I have something to say.我有话要说。

    ■speak 着重讲话这一动作本身,既可指系统的长篇讲话,又可指简单的开口发言,但不注重说的内容。如:

    The baby is learning to speak.那个婴儿在学说话。

    Our monitor will speak at the meeting.我们的班长将要在会上发言。

    ■tell是及物动词,有“告诉、讲……”的意思。既注重说话的内容,又有告诉的对象,因此tell后常跟双宾语。如:

    He told her that the dress was sold.他告诉她说那件衣服卖掉了。

    注意: tell a story意为“讲故事”。

    ■talk侧重与人交谈时的连贯说话,指双方之间的相互交谈。如:

    I'm talking to a friend.我正在与朋友谈话。

    46.think of,think about和think over

    ■think of表示“想到、想起、想出、记得”,指对以前事情的回忆或对新的事物的提出,后接名词或动名词。如:

    I can't think of his name at the moment.我一时想不起他的名字。

    Can you think of a good way to spend our holiday?你能想出好的方法来度过我们的假期吗?

    ■think about意思是“考虑”,指对某事的思考与反思,后接名词或动名词。如:

    Everyone is thinking about his or her future.每个人都在考虑自己的未来。

    I'm thinking about changing my job.我正在考虑换一个工作。

    ■think over表示“仔细考虑、仔细琢磨”,含有对某问题动脑筋,努力而深入思考的意味。如:Please think over what I've said to you.请仔细想想我对你说的话。

    We should think the plan over before we carry it out.我们应该先认真做好计划再实施。

    注意:

    think of在疑问句中与what连用,构成What do you think of ...?句型,表示“你觉得……怎么样?”与How do you like ...?句型同义。如:

    What do you think of the movie?你觉得那部电影怎么样?

    How do you like the bike?你觉得这辆自行车怎么样?

    47.turn on,turn off,turn up和turn down

    ■turn on表示“打开、旋开”,指打开自来水、燃气等的开关及电灯、电视、收音机、电闸、电冰箱等电器的开关。如:

    Don't turn on the radio.The baby is sleeping.小孩在睡觉,不要把收音机打开。

    ■turn off表示“关上”,指关上自来水、燃气等的开关及电灯、电视、收音机、电闸、电冰箱等电器的开关。如:

    Turn off the light when you leave the room.离开房间时关上灯。

    ■turn up表示“开大”,指把收音机、电视机、音响等的声音调大,或把电灯等的亮度调高,自来水的流量开大等。如:

    I can't hear a word.Please turn up the TV.我一句话也听不见。请把电视声音调大一些。

    ■turn down表示“关小、调低”,指把收音机、电视机、音响等的声音关小,或把电灯等的亮度调低,自来水的流量关小等。如:

    Would you please turn down the water?We shouldn't waste water.请把水关小点好吗?我们不应当浪费水。

    注意:

    这些短语中的on,off,up,down都是副词,后接代词作宾语时应放在词组的中间,后接名词作宾语时,通常放在词组的后面,有时候也可放在词组的中间。如:

    The radio is too loud.Can you turn it down a little?收音机声音太大,你能关小一点吗?

    48.wake up和wake ...up

    ■wake up是自身的动作,表示某人自己从熟睡中或睡梦中醒来。如:

    I usually wake up at six o'clock in the morning.我通常早上六点钟醒来。

    ■wake ...up中间接表示人的名词或代词,意为“把某人叫醒、弄醒、唤醒”,wake后是被叫醒的人。如:Please wake your father up when you get up.你起床后请把你父亲叫醒。

    【中考速递】

    1.[云南中考考题] As long as all the Chinese people pull together,our China Dream will _____.

    A.come true B.come out

    C.come up D.come down

    2.[吉林中考考题] Many parents have to _____ early to make breakfast for their kids.

    A.get up B.stay up C.give up

    3.[青海西宁中考考题] Please _____ the water when you brush your teeth.

    A.turn down B.turn off C.turn on D.turn up

    4.[湖北荆州中考考题] — Could you _____ me your bike,Tom?

    — OK.And you can _____ it for a week.

    A.lend;keep B.borrow;lend

    C.lend;borrow D.borrow;keep

    5.[辽宁丹东中考考题] — Let's go out for dinner.

    — Great!But Clean-Up Day is two weeks from now.We can't _____ making a plan.

    A.take off B.see off C.put off D.cut off

    6.[湖北黄冈中考考题] — I'm sorry,Mr.Hu.I _____ my English exercise book at home.

    — It doesn't matter.Please remember _____ it here this afternoon.

    A.forgot;to bring B.left;to take

    C.forgot;to take D.left;to bring

    【答案点拨】

    1.答案:A 句意:只要所有的中国人团结在一起,我们的中国梦就会实现。come true实现;come out 出版,发行;come up上来;come down下来。由句意可知选A。

    2.答案:A 句意:许多家长不得不早起给他们的孩子做早餐。get up起床;stay up熬夜;give up放弃。由句意可知选A。

    3.答案:B 句意:你刷牙时请关上水。turn down关小;调低;turn off关掉,关闭;turn on 打开;turn up开大。由句意可知选B。

    4.答案:A 句意:“你可以借给我你的自行车吗,汤姆?”“可以。你可以借一周。” lend 借出;borrow借入;keep保存。由句意可知第一空用lend;由答语中for a week可知第二空用keep,故选A。

    5.答案:C 句意:“我们去吃晚饭吧。”“太好了!但是清扫日距现在只有两周了。我们不能推迟制定计划。” take off脱下;起飞;set off送行;put off推迟,拖延;cut off切除。由句意可知选C。

    6.答案:D 句意:“对不起,胡先生,我把英语练习本忘在家里了。”“没关系。请记着下午带来。”“把某物遗忘在某处”用“leave sth.+地点”;表示“带来”用bring。故选D。

    【语法专练 体验中考】

    1.[山东临沂] Before stamps,people didn't _____ for the letters they sent,but for the letters they received.

    A.pay B.cost C.spend D.take

    2.[贵州铜仁] — Remember to _____ the lights when you leave the room.

    — OK!I will.

    A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down

    3.[黑龙江龙东] My grandfather _____ live in the countryside,but now he _____ living in the city.

    A.used to;used to B.got used to;gets used to

    C.used to;gets used to

    4.[福建厦门] — I've made much progress in grammar.The ideas you _____ worked out fine.

    — Glad I could help.

    A.came up with B.ran out of C.looked up to

    5.[新疆乌鲁木齐] This bus doesn't go to the train station.I'm afraid you'll have to _____ at Hongshan stop and take BRT Line 1.

    A.take off B.put off C.get off D.get out

    6.[湖北荆州] — Mum,I have nothing to do in my free time but do homework.

    — My dear,you should _____ a hobby like drawing or taking photos.

    A.take up B.make up C.set up D.put up

    7.[广西贵港] — When will Mr.Green _____ Beijing?

    — In a week.

    A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come

    8.[山东济南] More and more people have realized that we shouldn't _____ the ancient buildings in cities.

    A.get off B.put off C.cut down D.pull down

    9.[湖北随州] — Don't _____ late,Betty.You have to go to school early tomorrow.

    — OK,Mom.I'll go to bed right now.

    A.put up B.stay up C.sit down D.fall down

    10.[呼和浩特] — Jack,could you help me _____ when the plane will take off on the Internet?

    — I'm sorry,but my computer doesn't work.

    A.get out B.look out C.take out D.find out

    11.[山东威海] Their football team was _____ in that important game.

    A.won B.beaten C.failed

    12.[河北考题] We need to do some research to _____ the answer.

    A.find out B.look out C.hand out D.take out

    13.[湖北黄冈] — You aren't supposed to smoke in public.It's bad for our health.

    — Sorry,I will _____ my cigarette right now.

    A.give up B.put down C.put out D.give away

    14.[江苏南京] It took me almost a whole day to _____ so many emails.

    A.deal with B.cut in C.cheer for D.run out

    15.[甘肃兰州] You can _____ new words in your e-dictionary.

    A.look up B.look at C.look for D.look around

    【答案速递】

    1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.A

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