19-2 感叹句
感叹句是表示惊异和喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what和how开头，句末用感叹号，读时用降调。How修饰形容词、副词或句子；What修饰名词。
1.what引起的感叹句结构
What+（a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！如：
What a clever boy he is！（他是个）多么聪明的男孩啊！
What an interesting story it is！（这是个）多么有趣的故事啊！
What fine weather it is！多好的天气啊！
What beautiful flowers they are！（它们是）多么漂亮的花啊！
注意：
在感叹句中，What a/an 常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an。what 用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如 rain，surprise，breakfast，lunch 等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用 what a/an，如：
What a heavy rain it is！多大的一场雨啊！
What a great surprise it is！这多么令人惊奇啊！
What a rich breakfast it is！多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！
2.How引起的感叹句结构
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！如：
How well you look！你气色真好！
How kind you are！你心肠真好！
How beautifully you sing！你唱得真好听！
Strawberries！How nice！草莓！多好呀！
How clever the boy is！这个男孩多么聪明啊！
How fast he runs！他跑得多么快啊！
注意：
how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。如：
How I want to be a doctor！我多么想成为一名医生啊！
How she dances！她跳得多好啊！
How I missed you.我多么想念你啊。
How you've grown！你都长这么大啦！
How you've changed！你的变化真大！
How he wished for a drink！他多希望能有点东西喝！
How things get around！Everyone must know you are in town.消息传得多快！人们一定都知道你到城里来了。
3.what感叹句与how感叹句的转换
what感叹句和how感叹句有时候可以相互转换。如：
How interesting the book is！
=What an interesting book it is！这本书多有趣啊！
4.没有感叹词的感叹句
感叹句除用what和how引出外，还可有其他许多形式，如可用陈述句、疑问句、祈使句等表达感叹语气，有时甚至一个单词或一个短语也可用作感叹句。如：
Stop talking！不要讲话了！
Isn't it a lovely day！天气真好！
The garden looks so lovely today！这花园今天真美！
Fire！失火了！
Very good！很好！
【中考速递】
1.[上海中考考题] _____ wonderful speech Emma gave at the UN conference！
A.How B.What C.What a D.What an
2.[广东中考考题]Tommy，_____ play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car.
A.do B.don't C.must D.mustn't
3.[山东济南中考考题] — _____ dressed now！We have to go in ten minutes.
— OK，Mom.
A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.dots
4.[陕西中考考题] — Volunteers from Lantian Saving Team have saved many travellers in the mountains.
— _____ they are！
A.How great a man B.How great men
C.What a great man D.What great men
5.[吉林长春中考考题] _____ great news it is！We'll have a school trip next week.
A.What a B.What C.How a D.How
6.[云南昆明中考考题] — Have you watched the boat races this Dragon Boat Festival？
— Yes._____ wonderful races！
A.What an B.What a C.What D.How
【答案点拨】
1.答案：C 句意：Emma在联合国会议上做了一场非常精彩的演讲。由句意可知考查感叹句；由中心词speech可知用what a引起感叹句，故选C。
2.答案：B 考查祈使句。句意：汤米，下次不要在街上踢足球了。汽车可能会撞着你。由句意可知这里考查祈使句的否定式，故选B。
3.答案：B 句意：“现在就穿衣服！十分钟之内我们必须走。”“好的，妈妈。”由句意可知这是一个祈使句，动词要用原形。故选B。
4.答案：D 句意：“蓝天救援队的志愿者已在山中救出了许多游客。”“他们是多么伟大的人啊！”由句意可知后句为感叹句；由感叹句中的they可知man用复数men，且用what引起感叹句，故选D。
5.答案：B 句意：这是多么棒的消息呀！我们下周将有一个学校旅行。news是不可数名词，用what引导感叹句，故选B。
6.答案：C 句意：“在这次端午节你看过龙舟赛了吗？”“是的。多么精彩的比赛啊！”由句末的复数名词races可知用what引导感叹句，故选C。
【语法专练 体验中考】
1.[山东济南] — Making paper bottles？Wow，_____ great idea！
— Thank you.We may use less plastic in this way.
A.how B.what C.what an D.what a
2.[青海西宁] Do you want to be healthy？_____.Smiling can help you stay healthy.
A.Smile B.Smiling C.To smile D.Smiled
3.[吉林长春] _____ me an e-mail before you come to Hangzhou.I'll meet you at the airport.
A.Sending B.To send C.Sends D.Send
4.[云南考题] _____ exciting boat race it was！Many people watched it.
A.What a B.What an C.How D.How a
5.[黑龙江齐齐哈尔] The girl got the only chance to study abroad._____ proud her parents felt！
A.How B.What C.What a
6.[湖北黄石] _____ to smile at your life when you are in trouble，and you will soon be happy again.
A.Try B.To try C.Trying D.Tried
7.[四川攀枝花] _____ your umbrella，or you'll catch a cold on such a rainy day.
A.Take B.To take C.Taking D.Takes
8.[黑龙江绥化] _____ cold weather it is！
A.How a B.What a C.What
9.[湖南湘西] — _____ run in the hallways，Mike.
— Sorry.Ms.Clark.
A.Don't B.Please C.No
10.[山东泰安] As we all know，life is short but amazing._____ it！
A.Enjoy B.To enjoy C.Enjoying D.Enjoyed
11.[重庆考题] — Jack，don't always copy what others do._____ your head，please.
— Thanks for telling me.
A.Using B.Used C.Uses D.Use
12.[湖南常德] We have to say goodbye._____ time flies！
A.What B.How C.What a
【答案速递】
1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.D 12.B
