主谓一致指谓语动词必须在人称和数与句子的主语保持一致。在一般现在时态当中,当主语是第三人称单数时,be要用is,have要用has,其他实义动词要在词尾加-s或-es,被称之为谓语的第三人称单数形式。
英语中的主谓一致主要有三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
20-3 就近一致
就近一致是指主语由多个名词组成时,在某些特殊句式中,谓语动词的数有时取决于主语中最靠近它的词语。如:
There is a desk and five chairs in his room.他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。
There are five chairs and a desk in his room.他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。
Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.要么是你要么是李雷将被派到那里去。
Not his parents but his son doesn't want to go.不是他父母不想去,而是他儿子不想去。
1.there be句型的就近一致
there be句型中be后如果有两个或两个以上的名词,由靠近be的那个名词来决定单复数。如:
There is a teacher and seventy students in the classroom.教室里有一个老师和七十个学生。
There are seventy students and a teacher in the classroom.教室里有七十个学生和一个老师。
2.部分连词句型的主谓一致
由连词either ...or ...(或者……,或者……;不是……就是……),neither ...nor ...(既不……也不……;两者都不),not ...but ...(不是……就是……),not only ...but also ...(不但……而且……)等连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式须跟与之最接近的名词或代词一致。如:
Either you or I am wrong.不是你错了,就是我错了。
Neither he nor you are to blame.他和你都不应该受责备。
Not I but Liu Tao is going to take part in the game.不是我,而是刘涛要参加这个比赛。
Not only you but also Mr.Zhang teaches in this school.不仅你,张老师也在这个学校教书。