中考语法句型七、疑问句句型
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    七、疑问句句型

    1.how long

    ①how long表示“多长时间”,主要用来对for或since引起的一段时间(如three days,four weeks等)提问。how long引起的疑问句表示“多长时间”时,句子通常用完成时、一般过去时或一般现在时态。如:

    — How long have you been in Beijing?你在北京呆了多长时间了?

    — For more than six years.六年多了。

    — How long did he stay here?他在这儿呆了多久?

    — About two weeks.大约两个星期。

    — How long does it take to get to London from here?从这里到伦敦要多长时间?

    — At least ten hours.至少10个小时。

    ②how long表示“多长”,主要用来对物体的长度进行提问。如:

    — How long is the river?这条河有多长?

    — About 500km.大约500千米。

    2.how soon

    how soon意为“多久以后”,用来对in引起的表示“在……以后”(如:in an hour一小时以后,in two weeks两周以后等)的时间提问。how soon引起的疑问句,句子通常用一般将来时态。如:

    — How soon will he be back?他要多久才回来?

    — In an hour.一小时以后。

    — How soon can we know the results?我们多久以后能知道结果?

    — I don't know.我不知道。

    3.how often

    how often意为“多久一次”,主要用来对表示频度的单词或短语(如:often,usually,sometimes,always,seldom,never,once a week,three times a month等)提问。how often引起的特殊疑问句,句子通常用一般现在时态。如:

    — How often does he come here?他(每隔)多久来这里一次?

    — Once a month.每月一次。

    — How often do you visit your mother?你多长时间看你妈妈一次?

    — Once a week.一周一次。

    — How often does your mother exercise?你母亲多长时间锻炼一次?

    — Never.从来不。

    4.how far

    how far意为“多远”,用来对表示距离的单词或短语提问。如:

    — How far is your home from school?你家离学校有多远?

    — My house is three miles from school.我家离学校三英里。

    — How far is it from here to the zoo?从这里到动物园有多远?

    — It's 6 kilometres.六公里。

    5.how many

    how many意为“多少”,用来提问数量,其后跟可数名词复数。

    How many books are there on the desk?课桌上有多少本书?

    How many students are there in your school?你们学校有多少学生?

    How many people are there in your family?你家有几口人?

    6.how much

    how much有三种用法:

    ①how much表示“多少”,用来提问数量,其后跟不可数名词。如:

    How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶?

    How much money do you have?你有多少钱?

    How much water is there in the river?那条河里有多少水?

    ②how much表示“多重”,用来提问物体的重量。

    — How much does the pig weigh?这头猪多重?

    — Eighty kilos.八十公斤。

    ③how much表示“多少钱”,用来提问价格或价钱。

    — How much is the eraser?这块橡皮擦多少钱?

    — Two yuan.两元。

    7.how old

    how old意为“多大年龄;几岁了”,用来提问人或动物等的年龄。

    How old is your father?你父亲多大岁数了?

    How old is your little brother?你小弟弟几岁了?

    How old is the panda?那只熊猫几岁了?

    8.疑问词+动词不定式

    特殊疑问词可以与动词不定式连用构成不定式短语,在句子中作宾语、主语、表语等。常见的“疑问词+动词不定式”有:what to do意为“该做什么”;how to do it(them)意为“怎样做”;which to choose意为“该选择哪一个”;where to go意为“该去哪里”等。

    Where to hold the meeting is a question.在哪儿举行会议是个问题。(作主语)

    I don't know what to write about.我不知道该写什么内容。(作宾语)

    Bill wrote two books on how to do sports.比尔写了两本关于如何做运动的书。(作介词宾语)

    The problem is when to start.问题是何时动身。(作表语)

    He hasn't decided where to go yet.他还没决定该去哪儿。(作宾语)

    注意:

    what与不定式连用时,to do后不能再有it或them作宾语;how与不定式连用时,to do后通常有it或them作宾补。

    9.why not ...?

    why not+动词原形,意为“为什么不干某事?”这是用来提出建议的常用句型,相当于why don't you do sth.,而且可以与why don't you do句型进行相互转换。如:

    Why not have a picnic this afternoon?

    =Why don't you have a picnic this afternoon?今天下午为什么不去野餐呢?

    Why not go out for a walk?

    =Why don't you go out for a walk?何不出去散散步呢?

    Why not go home now?

    =Why don't you go home now?为什么现在不回家呢?

    Why not come earlier?为何不早点来呢?

    Why not come and join us?为什么不来和我们一起呢?

    Why not tell your mother about it?为什么不把这事告诉你妈妈呢?

    【中考速递】

    1.[福建中考考题] — _____ has Hong Kong been back to our motherland?

    — For 20 years.How time flies!

    A.How soon B.How long C.How often

    2.[重庆中考考题] — _____ will you finish writing the review of the Indian movie Dangal ?

    — In two days.

    A.How far B.How often C.How soon D.How long

    3.[山东青岛中考考题] — _____ do you go to a movie?

    — Twice a week.

    A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far

    4.[山东潍坊中考考题] — _____ is it from your home to your school?

    — It is about 10 minutes' ride.

    A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often

    5.[江苏扬州中考考题] — I went from a school desk to a ship in my teens.

    — _____ days would you be at sea?Homesick?

    A.How long B.How many C.How much D.How soon

    6.[上海中考考题] — Do you know _____ a 5-day trip to Hong Kong costs?

    — I guess it's about ¥4,000.

    A.how fast B.how long C.how soon D.how much

    7.[湖北襄阳中考考题] — _____ are the students in your class?

    — Most of them are only fourteen.

    A.How long B.How old C.How many D.How often

    8.[黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考考题] It is raining outside.Why not _____ an umbrella?

    A.to take B.take C.taking

    【答案点拨】

    1.答案:B 句意:“香港回归祖国多长时间了?”“二十年了。时间过得好快啊!”由答语for 20 years可知问句为“多长时间”用how long,故选B。

    2.答案:C 句意:“还要多久你能完成这部印度电影《摔跤吧!爸爸》的影评?”“两天以后。”由时间状语in two days可知用how soon提问,故选C。

    3.答案:C 句意:“你多久看一次电影?”“一周两次。”由答语twice a week可知问句问的是频率用how often,故选C。

    4.答案:C 句意:“从你家到学校多远?”“大约10分钟的车程。”由答语可知问句是问距离用how far,故选C。

    5.答案:B 句意:“在青少年时期,我离开学校就到船上去了。”“你在船上待多少天?想家吗?”由空格后的可数名词复数形式可知用how many提问数量,故选B。

    6.答案:D 句意:“你知道香港5日游花多少钱吗?”“我猜大约4000元。”由答语中的about ¥4,000可知上句应是询问价格用how much,故选D。

    7.答案:B 句意:“你班上的学生多大年龄?”“他们多数仅仅14岁。”由答语可知问句询问的是年龄,故选B。

    8.答案:B 句意:外面正在下雨。为什么不带上把雨伞呢?why not后接动词原形,故选B。

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