一、介词短语的分类

1.介词+名词/代词

Let’s go for a walk along the river.咱们到江边散散步。

Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾与美国多次结盟。

He’s standing in front of me.他站在我前面。

2.介词+动名词

In crossing the street he was run over.他在穿马路时被汽车撞倒。

She had no objection to Mary’s marrying him.她不反对玛丽与他结婚。（动名词复合结构）

They entered the room without being permitted.未经许可他们就进来了。（动名词被动形式）

【提示】

（1）介词后不能直接跟过去分词作宾语，通常用“being+过去分词”。

He went out without being seen by the others.他出去了，没有被其他人看见。

（2）过去分词用作介词宾语通常只见于某些固定结构中：

regard ...as 认为……是

take sth.for granted 认为某事理所当然

We can’t regard the matter as settled.我们不能认为这事已经解决。

I take it for granted you have read the book.我以为你读过这本书。

3.介词+不定式

（1）介词+带to不定式

I had no choice but to wait.除了等，我没有别的选择。

He wanted nothing but to stay there.他只想留在那儿。

（2）介词+不带to不定式：

They did nothing but complain.他们老是一个劲地抱怨。

There is nothing to do but face the feelings of doubt.除了面对疑虑，我们别无选择。

（3）介词+“连接代词/副词+不定式”

He gave me some advice on how to do it.对于如何做这事他给我提了些建议。

She is thinking of what to do next.她正在考虑下一步干什么。

I have no idea of how to improve my English.我不知道如何提高英语水平。

4.介词+数词

He was among the first to arrive.他是第一批到的。

5.介词+从句

（1）that从句主要用于except that，in that 句式中。

He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.

他除了抽烟太多之外，没有什么特别的毛病。

I’m at a loss in that he’s not arriving.我有点困惑不解，因为他不来了。

（2）介词只接连接代词、连接副词及whether引导的从句。

He was not satisfied with what she said.他对她说的不满意。

I’m worried about where he is.我担心他上哪儿去了。

I have doubts about whether he is the best man for the job.

我怀疑他是否是做这项工作的最佳人选。