四、表示手段、方式
1.by
(1)接交通工具时,不用任何限定词;用on或in时,交通工具前用限定词。
Jenny goes to school by bike.詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bike=on a bike)
Mr Green goes to work by car.格林先生开车去上班。(by car=in a car)
(1)by air 乘飞机 by water 由水路 by sea 由海路 by land 由陆路
by car 乘车 by bus 乘公共汽车 by boat 乘船 by plane 乘飞机
by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船 by ship 乘轮船 by train 乘火车
(2)on horseback 在马背上 on a horse 骑马 on the camel 骑骆驼 on foot 步行
【提示】 by the sea意为“在海边”
(2)by表示用某种方式或手段,意为“依靠,凭借”,后接名词、代词动名词。
Man does not live by bread alone.人不能单靠面包生存。
They were playing cards by electric light.他们正借着灯光打牌。
I did it all by myself! 我完全是靠自己做成此事的!
He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。
2.with后跟具体的工具
We see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看。
It’s impossible to cut a pineapple with such a dull knife.
用一把这么钝的刀子切菠萝是不可能的。
3.in表示使用材料和语言等
Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说吗?
Please write it in ink,not in pencil.请用钢笔写而不要用铅笔写。
【比较】 我经常用钢笔做作业。
①I often do my homework in pen.
②I often do my homework with a pen.
4.as 表示“以……的身份/资格/角色”
accept ...as 作为……而接受 appoint ...as 任命……为
describe ...as 把……描述为 dress ...as 把……打扮为
employ ...as 雇佣……做 have ...as 认为……是
imagine ...as 想象……为 know ...as 认定……为
look on ...as 认为……是 rank ...as 将……分为……等级
receive ...as作为……欢迎、招待 recognize ...as作为……承认
recommend ...as 推荐……为 represent ...as 把……描述为
respect ...as作为……尊敬 regard ...as 认为……是
take ...as 把……看作 think of ...as 认为……是
treat ...as 把……看作 use ...as 把……用作
He worked as a cashier in a bank.他在一家银行干过出纳。
I continued as manager.我继续担任经理职务。
France is famous as a wine-producing country.法国以产酒国著称于世。
He does this job as a skilled labour.他做起这个活像个熟手。
5.like表示性质、性格、外貌、形状等的“像……”
What does your father look like? 你爸爸长什么样?
He is like her mother.他长得像他妈妈。
I don’t want to act like my friend.我不想像我朋友那样干。
There is nobody like the old woman for telling a story.
论讲故事没人能比得上这个老太太。