[高中]全新语法:并列连词 一、简单连词的用法
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    一、简单连词的用法

    1.and

    (1)并列连词,接词类、结构完全相同的部分,意为“和,以及”。

    He bought a book and a pen.他买了一本书和一支笔。(连接名词)

    He started to shout and swear.他开始又喊又骂。(连接动词)

    Tom and Mary are singing and dancing at the party.

    汤姆和玛丽正在晚会上唱歌跳舞。(连接现在分词)

    We were cold and hungry.我们饥寒交迫。(连接形容词)

    I woke up and got out of bed.我醒了就起床了。(连接动词短语)

    He played the piano and she sang.他弹钢琴,她唱歌。(连接句子)

    (2)连接三个以上并列成分时,只在最后一并列成分前加and,其他的后面加逗号。

    Solid,liquid and gas are the three states of matter.

    固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。

    Sam enjoys tennis,golf and baseball.萨姆喜爱网球、高尔夫以及棒球。

    (3)“动词+and+动词”,表示连续性。

    He coughed and coughed.他咳个不停。

    He tried and tried but without success.他试了又试,但没有成功。

    (4)“名词+and+名词”,表示“许多”或“有各种各样的”

    There are books and books.有各种各样的书。

    We waited for hours and hours.我们一直等了好几个小时。

    (5)“比较级+and+比较级”,表示“越来越……”。

    It moves faster and faster.它动得越来越快。

    Your work is getting better and better.你的工作干得越来越好了。

    More and more families like to keep dogs as pets.越来越多的家庭喜欢养宠物狗。

    Fishing is becoming more and more popular.钓鱼变得越来越受欢迎了。

    (6)and连接并列句。

    The weather was fine,and we went out for a walk.

    the weather being fine,we went out for a walk.(独立主格结构)

    天气晴朗,我们出去散步了。

    In the classroom there are five people,and the teacher is included.

    in the classroom There are five people,the teacher included.(独立主格结构)

    教室里包括老师在内有五个人。

    【比较】 他有两个小孩,都很顽皮。

    ①He has two children,both of whom are naughty.(whom引导定语从句)

    ②He has two children,and both of them are naughty.(and连接的并列句)

    (7)含有and的短语

    and all 全都,等等     and so on 等等       and so forth 等等

    and that 而且,并且     and therefore 因此,为此  and so 因此,为此

    2.but

    (1)并列连词,表示转折,意为“但是”“可是”。

    It was a sunny but not very warm day.那一天天气晴朗,却不太暖和。

    She is American but she lives in England.她是美国人,但住在英国。

    【提示】 although不能和but 同时使用。

    (2)用于not ...but结构,表示选择,意为“不是……而是”。

    What I want is not this one,but that one.我想要的不是这个,而是那个。

    Bamboo is not a tree,but a kind of grass.竹不是一种树,而是一种草。

    (3)用于“Excuse me” “I’m sorry”等句式表示语气委婉。

    Excuse me,but I don’t think that’s quite true.很抱歉,我认为这与事实略有出入。

    Sorry,but we’re behind schedule.抱歉,我们落在计划后了。

    I’m frightfully sorry,but I can’t see you today.太对不起了,我今天不能见你。

    【提示】

    however 副词,“可是,然而”,也表示转折;可置于句首,句末或句中,需要逗号隔开。

    However,we need not do that now.可是,我们现在不需要做那个。

    He said it was so;he was mistaken,however.他说是那样的,然而他却弄错了。

    His friends,however,had other ideas.然而他的朋友们却另有见解。

    (4)含有but的短语

    all but 几乎              anything but 决不

    but for 除非              nothing but 只是

    last but not least 最后但并非不重要   can’t help but 不由得……

    not that ...but that ...不是因为……而是因为

    3.for

    (1)for作连词引导并列句时,主要表示理由,对前面的分句进行解释说明。

    The days were short,for it was now December.天短了,现在已是12月了。

    He must be in now,for the light in his room is on.

    他现在一定在家,因为他房间的灯是亮着的。

    (2)不能使用for的情况。

    Because it was wet he took a taxi.因为下雨,他叫了一辆出租车。

    (because 不能用for 替换。因为for引导的从句不能位于它所解释的动词之前)

    He stole,not because he wanted the money but because he liked stealing.

    他偷东西,并不是因为他想要钱,而是他有这种毛病。(because不能用for 替换。因为 for不能位于not,but或任何连词之后)

    — Why did you do it? 你为什么这么做?

    — I did it because I was angry.因为我生气才这么做的。(for不能回答why引导的问句)

    4.or

    (1)表示选择,意为“或”“还是”。

    Is the radio off or on? 无线电关上了还是开着的?

    Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡?

    You can come now or you can meet us there later.

    你可以现在来,也可以稍晚和我们在那里碰头。

    (2)用于“祈使句+or+陈述句”中,表示“否则”。

    Hurry up,or you’ll be late for school.赶快,否则你上学就要迟到了。

    Dress warmly,or else you’ll catch cold.穿暖和点,否则你会感冒的。

    (3)用于表示否定句中的并列成分。

    He was not clever or good-looking.他不聪明,也长得不好看。

    He never smokes or drinks.他从不吸烟,也不喝酒。

    【比较】

    ①They sang and danced.他们既唱歌又跳舞。(肯定句)

    ②They didn’t sing or dance.他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。(否定句)

    (4)含有or的短语

    more or less 或多或少    or more 或更多      one or two 一两个

    or rather 更确切地      or else 否则,要不然   or so 大约

    5.so

    (1)表示因果关系,意为“因此,所以”。

    The dog was hungry,so we fed it.狗饿了,所以我们喂它。

    I got ill so I went to see a doctor.我生病了,因此去看了医生。

    It was dark,so I couldn’t see what was happening.

    天很黑,所以我看不见发生了什么事。

    Nothing more was heard from him so we began to wonder if he was dead.

    此后没有再收到他的消息,于是我们开始怀疑他是不是死了。

    (2)用于句首,引出下文。

    So after shouting and screaming for an hour she walked out in tears.

    就这样,又嚷又叫了一个小时,她流着泪走了出来。

    So what have you been doing today? 那么你今天都干什么了?

    So,that is it for today.好,今天就到这里。

    (3)含有so的短语

    and so on/forth 等等    so far 迄今为止    so as to 为了    so ...as to 如此……以致

    so/as long as 只要     so that 以便      So what? 那又怎么样

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