三、虚拟语气在其他形式中的用法

1.“It is time （that）……”句式，意为“是……的时候了”

It is time we left.我们该走了。

It is time we got up/should get up.我们该起床了。

It is high time our athletes showed/should show their best.

我们的运动员该大显身手了。

【提示】 that从句用过去式或should do，意为“该干某件事了，时间已经有些晚了”，should一般不省略。

2.“would/had rather （that）……”句式，意为“宁愿”

（1）一般过去时：表示现在或将来的愿望。

I’d rather you came next Saturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。

I’d rather you were happy.我愿你快乐。

（2）过去完成时：表过去的愿望。

I’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你没有这样说过。

I’d rather you had been present。我真希望你当时在场。

3.“if only ...”句式，意为“但愿”，“要是……就好了”

（1）一般过去时：表示与现在事实相反。

If only I were as clever as you.要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊。

If only I knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。

（2）过去完成时：表示与过去事实相反。

If only he had been here.要是他当时在这儿就好了。

If only I had finished the task.要是我完成了任务就好了。

（3）将来完成时：表示与将来事实相反。

If only it would stop raining！ 但愿雨停下来。

【比较】

①I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响，我才会醒。（条件状语从句）

②If only the alarm clock had rung.要是当时闹钟响，就好了。（虚拟语气）

【高考演练】

1.【安徽】People are recycling many things which they________away in the past！

A.had thrownB.will be throwing

C.were throwingD.would have thrown

【答案】D 考查虚拟语气。句意：现在人们回收利用很多东西，而过去他们会将这些扔掉。根据in the past 可知，说的是过去情况，对过去情况的推测或评说，应使用“情态动词＋完成式”结构。故选D。

2.【北京】We________back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.

A.are B.were C.will be D.would be

【答案】D 考查虚拟语气。根据条件状语从句中if we didn’t lose the map 可知，主从句都是对现在情况的假设，故选D。

3.【福建】________ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

A.Were thereB.Had there been

C.If there areD.If there have been

【答案】A 考查虚拟语气。句意：要是没有现代化的通讯，我们将不得不等待若干个星期才能获得来自世界各地的消息。“要是没有现代化的通讯”是对现在情况的一种假设，故从句中使用一般过去时态，省略if后把were 提到从句主语之前。故选A。

4.【湖南】If Mr Dewey________present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

A.were B.had been C.should be D.was

【答案】B 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果Dewey 先生当时在场的话，他就会尽一切可能帮助那里的人们。根据主句中的would have offered 可知，这是对过去的虚拟，故条件句用had done形式。故选B。

5.【陕西】We would rather our daughter________at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.

A.would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.stay

【答案】C 考查虚拟语气。would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示动作发生在现在或将来，用“had+过去分词”表示动作发生在过去。根据后一句中的is 可知此处动词用过去式，故选C。

6.【天津】________ the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.

A.Did he catchB.Should he catch

C.Has he caughtD.Had he caught

【答案】D 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他赶上了早晨的火车，他开会就不会迟到了。由主句可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此从句中用过去完成时had done。在if引导的虚拟语气中，当句中有were，should，had时，可将if 省去，并把were，should，had 提到主语的前面构成部分倒装，故选D。

7.【浙江】They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they________to our help.

A.would have comeB.could come

C.have comeD.had come

【答案】A 考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在做调查的那几个月里，他们一直在国外，否则的话他们早就来帮我们了。从句中的关键题眼or可以知道，此处是虚拟语气，同时根据前面的they were abroad可以知道，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，根据语法规则知，句中谓语动词用“should/would/could/might+have done”结构，故选A。

8.【重庆】It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I________ it？

A.had done B.have done C.did D.am doing

【答案】A 考查虚拟语气。as if后的句子若表示与事实相反，须用虚拟语气。根据前一句中谓语动词用一般过去时可知，as if后的句子表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，用过去完成时。故选A。

9.【安徽】I________to my cousin’s birthday party last night，but I was not available.

A.went B.had gone C.would go D.would have gone

【答案】D 考查虚拟语气。本题的解题关键是逗号之后的句子“but I was not available”，由此可以看出，昨晚的聚会我没有参加，所以空处是与过去事实相反的动作，故正确答案是would have gone。故选D。

10.【北京】If we________a table earlier，we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.

A.have booked B.booked C.book D.had booked

【答案】D 考查虚拟语气。本句是一个包含了一个条件状语从句的复合句，从主句的谓语动词couldn’t be standing可以推出，用的是虚拟语气，这样，if就是一个虚拟条件句，“订餐”是发生在过去，故是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。

11.【福建】— Do you think George has passed the driving test？

— No.If so，he________his car to our college yesterday.

A.would driveB.drove

C.would have drivenD.had driven

【答案】C 考查虚拟语气。根据句中的yesterday可以判断出是与过去的事实相反，所以主句用would have done结构。故选C。

12.【江苏】I should not have laughed if I________you were serious.

A.thought B.would think C.had thought D.have thought

【答案】C 考查虚拟语气。根据主句中should not have laughed可知，本句所讲与过去事实相反。If引导非真实条件句表示与过去事实相反时，从句结构为had done。故选A。

13.【陕西】My mom suggests that we________eat out for a change this weekend.

A.should B.might C.could D.would

【答案】A 考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气。本句是一个复合句，主句谓语动词suggests，后跟宾语从句，谓语动词要用（should）do sth，故选A。

14.【天津】If he had spent more time practicing English before，he________able to speak it much better now.

A.will be B.would be C.has been D.would have been

【答案】B 考查虚拟语气。本句是一个错综时间虚拟句。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，谓语用had done，而主句则是对现在（now）事实的一种假设，所以用would do，所以B项符合句意。故选B。

15.【浙江】Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam________at the age of six months old.

A.was B.be C.were D.is

【答案】B 考查虚拟语气。句意：眼科医生建议：孩子在六个月时就要进行第一次眼科检查。根据句中recommend 判断出后面的宾语从句应该用（should）do sth。故选B。

16.【重庆】— It rained cats and dogs this morning.I’m glad we took an umbrella.

— Yeah，we would have got wet all over if we________.

A.hadn’t B.haven’t C.didn’t D.don’t

【答案】A 考查虚拟语气。事实是带了伞，那么假设没带伞，就是与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句部分要用had/hadn’t done sth的形式。故选A。

17.【陕西】The children________lost in the woods；otherwise，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.

A.must have gotB.must get

C.should have gotD.should get

【答案】A 考查情态动词表示推测。从句子的后半部分看，谓语动词用了would have been，说明是与过去事实相反的，故前半句应该是对过去事实的推测，排除选项B，D；选项C意思是“本应迷路，但没迷路”，与句意不符，排除。故选A。

18.【天津】She________have left school，for her bike is still here.

A.can’t B.wouldn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t

【答案】A 考查情态动词表示推测。can’t have done表示对过去的否定推测；wouldn’t have done 虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反；shouldn’t have done表示过去不应该做而做了的事；needn’t have done表示过去不必要做而做了的事。故选A。

19.【山东】Thank you for all your hardworking last week.I don’t think we________it without you.

A.can manageB.could have managed

C.could mangeD.can have managed

【答案】B 句意：谢谢大家上周的努力。如果没有你们我们不可能做成。could have done 在虚拟语气的主句中表示与过去事实相反，without引导的状语相当于if引导的条件状语从句。can have done 只用于否定句和疑问句的推测。故选B。

20.【山东】They________two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.

A.had gotB.got

C.have gotD.get

【答案】B 考查虚拟语气的含蓄条件句。句意：他们弄到了两张去加拿大的免费票，不然的话他们是付不起钱去那里的。由otherwise前一句可知，得到免费的票是已经发的事，故用一般过去时。故选B。