原因类：
1) because …2) because of …3) due to …4) since …5) as …6) for …7) The reason is …8) That’s why …9) By reason of …10) Owing to …
结果类：
1) so …2)so that …3)therefore …4)thereby …5)hereby …6)thus …7)As a result …8)consequently …9)hence …10)accordingly …
托福听力因果逻辑的考试特点：
无论段子还是对话，在托福听力题目尤其是在细节题以及大部分观点组织题中，有因果的地方永远做考点。比如TPO 25 Conversation 1第二题：
题目：According to the woman, why was the program’s curriculum changed?
A. To attract more international students to the program
B. To reflect the growing importance of international business
C. To take advantage of the expertise of new faculty members
D. To give students a stronger background in management
分析：在对话中，男生说到：I got confused because the way, uh, they've changed the requirements, so, now I'm not sure I'll qualify to graduate next semester.
紧接着教授对这个情况进行了解释：Well, when the business department changed the curriculum to include more courses ininternational business to, well, because of the increasing globalization of business, we madesure that students would finish to their second year, that is those who were in their third orfourth year wouldn't be affected.答题关键就在于因果逻辑。
在托福听力笔记中，托福听力因果逻辑的笔记符号：
最常见的符号也是大家在中学时代数学证明题当中最常用的两个符号：∵与∴。另外值得说明的是，除了使用这样的符号以外，我们还可以使用箭头。A→B可以形象的表示A的目的是B，即A是原因，B是结果。
