The principal elements in behavioral thermoregulation are basking (heliothermy),heat exchange with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy)，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors,which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).
词汇讲解：
bask /bɑːsk/ v. 坐着或躺着取暖
substrate /'sʌbstreɪt/ n. 底物，基片，基质;被(酶)作用物
diurnal /daɪ'ɜːn(ə)l/ adj. 白天的，白昼的;每日的
hibernate /'haɪbəneɪt/ v. 冬眠
estivate /'iːstɪveɪt/ v. (动物)夏眠
respectively adv. 各自地
结构划分：
The principal elements (in behavioral thermoregulation) are basking (heliothermy), heat exchange (with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) )，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors, (which include moving to shelterduring the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).
深度分析：
修饰一：(in behavioral thermoregulation) ，介词短语
中文：行为温度调节
修饰二：(with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) ) ，介词短语
中文：与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)
修饰三：(which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) ，从句
中文：这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠
修饰四：(reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively) ，非谓语动词
中文：分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动
参考翻译：
行为温度调节主要的要素有：晒太阳(日光浴)，与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)，以及每天或每年的躲避行为，这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠(分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动)。
以上就是托福阅读中长难句的训练分析介绍，希望大家能够学到有效的训练和提升方法，让自己更为轻松地面对长难句得到高分。
