世界气象组织秘书长佩特里·塔拉斯世界气象日致辞
Early Warning and Early Action
早预警、早行动
Hydrometeorological and Climate information for Disaster Risk Reduction
水文气象信息，助力防灾减灾
23 March 2022
2022年3月23日
Greetings from the World Meteorological Organization secretariat in Geneva.
请接受来自日内瓦世界气象组织秘书处的问候。
The top priority of WMO is to protect lives and livelihoods from weather, climate and water extremes.
WMO的首要任务是保护生命和生计免受天气、气候和水极端事件的影响。
Every minute of every day of the year.
每时每刻。
I am therefore very happy that the theme of World Meteorological Day 2022 is “Early Warning and Early Action.”
因此，2022年世界气象日的主题“早预警、早行动”令我非常欣慰。
It celebrates the great achievements of national meteorological and hydrological services in improved early warning systems. It also highlights the vital work of the disaster risk reduction community in making sure that these early warnings lead to early action.
这一主题庆祝国家气象和水文部门在改进早期预警系统方面取得的巨大成就，同时也强调与减少灾害风险相关的各界为确保这些早期预警触发早期行动而开展的重要工作。
But we cannot be complacent. We face many challenges, especially in making sure that early warnings reach the last mile to the most vulnerable who need them most.
但我们不能沾沾自喜。我们面临着诸多挑战，特别是要确保早期预警到达“最后一公里”，让最需要它们的最脆弱人群得到帮助。
Climate change is already very visible through more extreme weather in all parts of the world. We are seeing more intense heatwaves and drought and forest fires. We have more water vapor in the atmosphere, which leads to extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The warming of the ocean fuels more powerful tropical storms and rising sea levels increase the impacts.
世界各地极端天气频发，气候变化已经非常明显。更强烈的热浪、干旱和森林火灾正历历在目。大气中水气增多，导致了极端降雨和致命洪水。海洋变暖使热带风暴更为猛烈，海平面上升加剧了其影响。
We expect this negative trend to continue. Greenhouse gas concentrations are at record levels, locking in climate change to continue for decades to come, melting of glaciers and sea level rise up to centuries.
我们预计这种负面趋势将持续下去。温室气体浓度处于创纪录的水平，气候变化铁定将在未来几十年内持续，冰川融化和海平面上升将持续几个世纪。
In addition to climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation is a top priority. Early warning systems are a powerful way to adapt.
除了减缓气候变化，气候变化适应也是重中之重。早期预警系统是强有力的适应手段。
Last year, WMO published a report on disaster statistics for the past 50 years. It showed that there were more than 11,000 disasters linked to weather, climate and water-related hazards, almost equal to one disaster per day. There were 2 million deaths – or 115 per day.
去年，WMO发表了一份关于过去50年间灾害统计的报告。报告显示，11,000多起灾害与天气、气候和水有关的危害相关，几乎相当于每天发生一起灾害。死亡人数为200万人，即每天115人。
The number of disasters has increased five-fold in the past 50 years. And the economic cost has soared.
在过去50年中，灾害数量增加了5倍，经济损失已直线上升。
But the good news is that the number of casualties has fallen dramatically. We are better than ever before at saving lives.
但好消息是，伤亡人数已大幅下降。我们在拯救生命方面比以往任何时候都更出色。
Supercomputers, satellites and advances in science have greatly increased the accuracy of our forecasts. Mobile phone alerts and weather apps can reach even remote areas.
超级计算机、卫星和科学进步已大大提高了我们预测的准确性。手机警报和天气应用程序甚至能够触及偏远地区。
WMO is promoting impact-based forecasting, of what the weather will be and what it will do. That is needed to enhance the preparedness and early action of various user and customer groups, who are dependent on weather.
WMO正在推动基于影响的预测，预测天气状况及其影响。对于依天气行事的各种用户和客户群体，要加强防灾、开展早期行动，这是必需的。
But much more remains to be done. Only half of the 193 Members of WMO have multi-hazard early warning systems in place. There is also a major need to enhance the impact-based forecasting skills of a large fraction of Members.
但我们仍任重而道远。WMO 193个会员中，只有一半建立了多灾种预警系统。还有一个重大需要，那就是提高多数会员基于影响的预报技能。
There are severe gaps in weather and hydrological observing networks in Africa, some parts of Latin America and in Pacific and Caribbean island. This undermines forecasts local and globally.
非洲、拉美部分地区以及太平洋和加勒比岛屿的气象水文观测网络存在重大空白。这削弱了地方和全球预报。
WMO has therefore created a financing mechanism known as SOFF (The Systematic Observation Financing Facility) to drive investment in the basic observing system and fill data gaps.
因此，WMO创建了名为SOFF（系统观测融资机制）的融资机制，以推动对基本观测系统的投资并填补数据空白。
WMO is an implementing partner in the Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems Initiative (CREWS), which builds resilience among vulnerable countries and communities.
WMO是“气候风险与预警系统倡议”（CREWS）的执行伙伴，该倡议在脆弱国家和社区中构建复原力。
WMO is spearheading a new water and climate coalition to focus more attention on water-related hazards and shortages. We have highly successful programmes and projects on tropical cyclones, coastal inundation, floods and drought.
WMO正在领导一个新的水与气候联盟，将更多的注意力集中在与水有关的危害和短缺上。在热带气旋、海岸洪涝、洪水和干旱等方面，我们已有非常成功的计划和项目。
In Geneva, we have joined forces with the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction to form a centre of excellence on climate change and disasters.
在日内瓦，我们与“联合国减少灾害风险办公室”携手成立了一个气候变化与灾害问题英才中心。
WMO has been developing a support mechanism to provide reliable and authoritative information to the UN humanitarian agencies to be able to optimize the humanitarian aid before and after a weather-related disaster. We are working together with financing institutions like the World Bank, European Union, UNDP, Green Climate Fund, to allocate more funding to early warning services and to ensure sustainability of the investments.
WMO一直致力于建立一个支持机制，以向联合国人道主义机构提供可靠、权威的信息，从而能够在与天气有关的灾害前后优化人道主义援助。我们正在与世界银行、欧盟、UNDP、绿色气候基金等融资机构合作，为早期预警服务划拨更多资金，并确保投资的可持续性。
And of course, WMO is committed to the 2030 international agenda on climate action, sustainable development and disaster risk reduction.
毫无疑问，WMO致力于2030年气候行动、可持续发展和减少灾害风险国际议程。
WMO’s vision is that “by 2030, we see a world where all nations, especially the most vulnerable, are more resilient to the socioeconomic consequences of extreme weather, climate, water and other environmental events.
WMO的愿景是：“到2030年，我们希望看到一个这样的世界：所有的国家，特别是最脆弱的国家，更有能力抗御极端天气、气候、水及其它环境事件的社会经济影响。”
Early warnings work. They must work for everyone. They must lead to early action.
预警发挥了作用。预警必须让人人受益。预警必须触发早期行动。
I wish you all a happy World Meteorological Day.
我恭祝大家世界气象日快乐。
