5. He challenged me to a game of chess.
他以下棋向我挑战。
还能这样说：
He wanted to play chess with me as a match.
He challenged me to have a chess game with him.
谚语：
In life, as in chess, forethought wins.
人生如下棋，多思则能胜。
6. I have to concentrate when I play chess.
我下棋时必须集中精力。
还能这样说：
I'm trying to concentrate when playing chess.
I need to be more focused when playing chess.
应用解析：
be distracted by 被……搞得心烦意乱;被……搞得要发狂;
distract from 使分心，注意力分散
7. He is playing poker with his friends.
他与朋友们在打扑克。
还能这样说：
He is playing cards with friends.
Now, he enjoys playing cards with his friends.
谚语：
When the cat is away, the mice will play.
阎王不在，小鬼翻天。
8. We spent a pleasant evening playing cards and talking.
我们打牌聊天，度过了一个愉快的夜晚。
还能这样说：
We had a pleasant evening with playing cards and talking.
We played cards and chattd with friends, so we had an enjoyable evening.
应用解析：
evening coat 燕尾服;
evening dress 晚礼服;
evening glow 夕阳;
evening gown 晚礼服;
evening paper 晚报;
evening prayer 晚祷;
evening school 夜校