【知识点讲解】
一、词汇解析
1 send [动词] 寄,发送;传达,告知;派遣,打发
send sb. something/ send sth. to sb.
例句:Lily sent me a present from Australia.
莉莉从澳大利亚给我寄来了礼物。
短语扩展:send for sb. 请某人来
例句:Please hurrily send for a doctor!
请赶快请医生过来!
2 spoil [动词] 破坏,毁掉;溺爱,娇惯,宠坏
spoil的过去式和过去分词可以是spoiled或spoilt
例句:My weekend was spoilt by his sudden visit.
我的周末被他的突然到访破坏了。
spoil还可表示长辈对晚辈的溺爱,娇惯。
例句:Jack is spoilt by his mother.
杰克被他的妈妈宠坏了。
3 public [形容词] 公共的,公众的;百姓的
这个词与我们第1课中讲到的private是一对反义词。
public library 公共图书馆
public transport 公共运输
例句:The media has a great influence on public opinion.
传媒对大众舆论有很大影响。
public也可以作名词,前面加定冠词the,表示平民,百姓。
例句:The president gave a speech to the public.
总统对公众进行了演讲。
4 friendly [形容词] 友好的,友爱的;亲切的,善意的;朋友似的
friendly是一个形容词,要特别注意,它的比较级和最高级分别是friendlier,friendliest。
短语扩展:friendly to/ towards sb.
例句:Everyone was friendly to me.
每个人对我都很友好。
friendly match 友谊赛
5 lend [动词] 借给,借出
lend (out) sth. to sb./ lend sb. sth.
例句:Can you lend me your cellphone?
你能把手机借我用用吗?
lend,borrow,keep的区别
两者都可表示"借",但是 borrow 指"借入",而 lend 则指"借出",两者其实是一对反义词,而不是同义词。如:
I borrowed this book from the library.
我从图书馆借到了这本书。
He lent his dictionary to me.
他把字典借给我。
要表示"向某人借某物",英语用borrow sth from sb,其中用介词from。
要表示"把某物借给某人",英语用lend sth to sb,其中用介词to。
具体可见以上两个例句。
keep做"借"讲时,是延续性动词,通常表示借了某物多长时间,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。而borrow 和lend 是短暂性动词,不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
例句:You can keep this bike for a week.
这辆自行车你可以借用一周。
二、语法解析
1 go to+地名 表示去某地
例句:I want to go to Tibet.
我想去西藏。
2 A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
a few words of几句话=a little Italian
a few 少许,少数
a few word 几句(话)
few 后面跟可数名词;(记忆小妙招:因为字母可以用右手的五个手指头数出来)
little后面跟不可数名词(记忆小妙招:因为字母不可以用右手的五个手指头数出来)
以little为例,a little表示的是有一点,little表示的是几乎没有了,但可能还会有一丁点儿。
3 thought about=think about 思索, 考虑; 回顾, 想起; 想到(某人, 某事)
相关think的词组还有
think for 认为, 预料
think of 考虑 设想, 想象
think (sth.) out[through] 仔细考虑; 想出, 想透; 设计出
think over 仔细考虑一下(指想过了, 再想)
think twice 再三考虑; 踌躇
think up 想出, 想起等,大家要区别记忆。
4 I visited museums and sat in public gardens.
这个句子里visited和sat都是用的过去式,这个句子就使用了一般过去时的形式。
一般过去时主要用来对过去发生的事情作一般性的描述。
①表示过去发生的事件和状态,只强调过去的一个事实,与现在无任何联系。
例句:I went to Beijing 3 years ago.
我三年前去过北京。
②表示过去的习惯性动作,而且必须带表示频率的时间状语。否则,只能表示过去的某个一次性动作。
例句:He wrote a letter every week.
他过去每周写一封信。
③叙述过去发生的一连串动作。在这一句型中,几个实义动词要求使用同一种形式。
例句:He washed his face, put on his coat, opened the door, and rushed out.
他洗完脸,穿上外套,打开门,然后冲了出去。
5、I spent the whole day in my room。 spend的用法一直有比较公认的规则:spend money/time etc on sth或spend money/time etc(in)doing sth,一般认为介词in可以省略;与其相当同样要掌握的一个词就是take:take sb.sometimes to do sth./Sth takes (sb.)sometime to do. e.g. It takes me ten minutes to walk to my office. 我花了10分钟才走到办公室。
6、single 唯一的单一的。a single card一张明信片
in single file 一路纵队
the single state 独身状态
a single bed 单人床
single only之间的区别
single 强调"一个的"、"仅此一个的", 如:
She buys a single new dress each year.
她每年仅买一件新衣服。
only 系常用语, 着重"仅有一个(或一批)的", 含"不会再多的"之意, 如:
This is the only example I can give you.
这是我所能给你的唯一例子。
时态解析:
本文出现了3处的过去式的否定形态用法,即助动词do的过去式的did否定形态用法,I did not understand a word;I did not send cards to my friends; I did not write a single card!
下面说说肯定句改为否定句的基本方法:
①当陈述句的谓语动词由 be构成时,改为否定句,把not加在be后面。
例1.They are doctors.
这个句子的谓语动词是由系动词构成的,改为否定句时把 not加在are的后面,即:They are not doctors.
②陈述句的谓语动词是行为动词,改为否定句时,要用助动词do(does,did)+not+行为动词构成否定形式。
例1.He studies English well.
本句的谓语由行为动词studies构成,把它改为否定句时要由助动词does+not构成否定形式,即:He doesn't study English well.
上例三句中都属于这类understand,send,write均为行为动词,在句中做谓语。
I did not understand a word否定---I understood.肯定
I did not send cards to my friends.否定---I sent cards to my friends.肯定
I did not write a single card!否定---I written a card! 肯定
注意,动词则保持原型。
不规则动词过去式和过去分词表
am was been 是
are were been 是
awake awoke awoke 唤醒
bear bore born 忍受
beat beat beaten 打;敲打
become became become 成为;变成
begin began begun 开始
bet bet bet 打赌
break broke broken 打坏;打破
bring brought brought 带来
build built built 建筑;建设
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
buy bought bought 买
catch caught caught 揪住;抓住
can could 能;会
choose chose chosen 选择
come came came 来
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 砍;切
do did done 做
does did done 做
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt 做梦
drink drank drunk 喝
drive drove driven 驾驶;开车
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下;跌倒
feed fed fed 喂养
feel felt felt 感觉
fight fought fought 打架
find found found 发现;找到
fly flew flown 飞行
forget forgot forgotten/forgot 忘记
get got got/gotten 得到
give gave given 给予
go went gone 走;去
grow grew grown 成长;种植
hang hung/hanged hung/hanged 闲晃;悬挂
have had had 有
has had had 有
hear heard heard 听见
hit hit hit 打;击
hold held held 举办;容纳
hurt hurt hurt 伤害
keep kept kept 保持;喂养
know knew known 知道;了解
lay laid laid 下蛋;平躺
learn learnt/learnt learnt 学习
leave left left 离开;留下
lend lent lent 借给
let let let 让
lie lay lain 躺下
lose lost lost 丢失
make made made 制造;制作
mean meant meant 意思是;意味着
meet met met 遇见
may might 可以
mistake mistook mistaken 犯错
must must 必须
pay paid paid 付钱;赔偿
put put put 挂
read read read 读
ride rode ridden 骑;乘
ring rang rung (钟/铃)响;鸣
rise rose risen 升起
run ran run 跑
say said said 说
see saw seen 看见
sell sold sold 卖
send sent sent 寄;送;派
set set set 安装
shake shook shaken 摇动;摆动
shine shone/shined shone/shined 照耀
show showed shown/showed 显示
新概念英语第二册Lesson 5 练习题:
1、Although he 's wealthy,he spends___ on clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few