一．词汇：

　　1.tell 和say

　　tell sb. (about) sth.告诉某人（关于）某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事

　　tell后面必须加宾语 say 则不用

　　say sth(hello,good morning..) to sb.跟某人说什么 Say to sb.跟某人说

　　所以用于间接引语的时候 tell sb (that)+从句 say (that)+从句

　　2. nervous [形容词]紧张的，神经的

　　Don't be nervous！Take it easy！别紧张，放轻松。 feel nervous 感到紧张

　　be nervous of sth. / be nervous of doing sth.

　　例句：I am very nervous of making speeches on public.

　　我对于在公众面前演讲这件事特别紧张。

　　3.look up 向上看， 查字典

　　look up ①抬头看，仰视 ②指（商业、前途）改善，转好

　　例句：The unemployment situation in this country is looking up.

　　这个国家的失业状况正在改善。

　　短语扩展：look sb. up （顺便）拜访, 探望某人 look sth. up 查阅（词典或资料）

　　4.afford (v.)负担得起

　　afford sth. aford to do sth.

　　afford常常与can, could, be able to 连用，表示担负得起费用(损失、后果等), 花费得起, 经受得住; 抽得出(时间)等等之类的意思，例如：can't afford to buy sth.买不起...

　　can't afford to waste sth.浪费不起

　　It affords pleasure to me.这使我很高兴。

　　5.turn (n.)轮到（一次机会） It is your turn.轮到你了。

　　(v.) Turn left/right. 向左/右转在这篇课文里，turn作名词，表示轮到……机会。

　　短语扩展：by turns 轮流的，逐个的

　　take turns 轮流，后加at sth.或to do sth.

　　例句：We take turns to clean this house every week.

　　我们每周轮流打扫房子。

　　6.weak 微弱的，瘦弱的

　　weak系常用词, 指"健康不佳的"、"身体某部分虚弱无力的", 指事物时, 意为"软弱的"、"无力的"、"不能抵挡攻击的", He felt weak after illness.病愈后他感到虚弱。文中作者用来形容自己害怕心慌到声音发虚。

　　a weak character薄弱的意志

　　weak eyesight视力弱

　　in a weak voice He is strong/weak .

　　7.voice 声音(人声，或是悦耳的声音) sound 泛指所有声音 noise 噪音

　　8. interrupt v. 插话, 打断 后面宾语可加可不加

　　9.extra 额外的 extra work 额外的工作（加班）

　　10.enter =go into 进入

　　11、business

　　在英语中business含义很丰富，可表示商业，贸易，也可表示公司、商业机构等。这里的business是指生意。

　　例句：His father asks him to go into business after college study.

　　他父亲要他毕业后踏足商界。

　　习语知识：Business is business.

　　公事公办。

　　二．语法：间接引语 （陈述句）

　　用法：把某人所说的话告诉另外一个人时，应该使用间接引语。

　　引述陈述句时最常用的动词是say和tell，tell后面必须跟表示人称的间接宾语（tell sb.），而say后面则可跟或不跟to+讲话对象。（文中用红字标出）

　　遵从以下几点

　　1、时态变化：

　　① 主句的动词为一般现在时, 从句为任意时态

　　② 主句的动词为一般过去时, 从句为相对应的过去时态（时态倒移）

　　一般现在时-->　一般过去时 现在进行时-->　过去进行时

　　现在完成时-->　过去完成时 将来完成时-->　过去将来完成时

　　一般过去时-->　过去完成时 过去完成则不变

　　2、人称变化：主要是第一和第二人称变化

　　3、只要属于宾语从句, 引导词that可以省略

　　4、时间或是关键词的变化：直接引语->间接引语中的用法

　　（this->that ,these->those ,now ->then, today ->that day ,

　　yesterday ->the day before, tomorrow ->the next day, here ->there）等。

　　原文中引语的变化：

　　1.间接引语变直接引语

　　The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me.

　　The secretary told me "Mr. Harmsworth will see you ."

　　After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad.

　　After I had sat down, he said " Business is very bad."

　　He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.

　　He told me "The firm can not afford to pay such large salaries."

　　Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!

　　Then he smiled and told me "You will receive an extra thousand pounds a year!

　　2.直接引语变间接引语

　　'Don't interrupt,' he said.

　　He asked me not to interrupt.

　　注意以下几点：

　　1.当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，从句时态无须改变

　　如： Our teacher said to us, "Light travels faster than sound." -->

　　Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

　　老师告诉我们光比声传播的快。（此内容为常考考点，类似还有太阳东升西落）

　　2. 当直接引语是谚语、格言时，从句时态无须改变

　　如： He said，"Practice makes perfect." -->

　　He said that practice makes perfect.

　　他说熟能生巧。

　　3. 当直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell/ask sb (not) to do sth."句型。

　　如："Don't make any noise," she said to the children.

　　→She told/asked the children not to make any noise.

　　"Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said.

　　→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

　　后序：还有些关于疑问句的直接变间接，下次再给大家总结，希望大家能从今天的课堂内容上收获你们所需要的内容。

　　新概念英语第二册第15课直接引语变间接引语练习题

　　将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：

　　1. "I never eat meat." he said.

　　He said that ______ never ______ meat.

　　2. "I've found my wallet." he said to me.

　　He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.

　　3. "I took it home with me." she said.

　　She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.

　　4. The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west."

　　The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.

　　5. "I met her yesterday." he said to me.

　　He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.

　　6. "You must come here before five." he said.

　　He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.

　　7. "I bought the house 10 years ago." he said.

　　He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.

　　8. "Did you see her last week？" he said.

　　He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.

　　9. He said, "You can sit here, Jim."

　　He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there

　　10. He asked, "How did you find it, mother？"

　　He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.

　　11. "Where have you been these days？" he asked.

　　He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.

　　12. "Do you know where she lives？" he asked.

　　He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.

　　13. "Stop making so much noise, children." he said.

　　He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.

　　14. "Don't tell him the news." she said.

　　She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.

　　15. "Are you intested in this？" he said.

　　He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.

　　【参考答案】

　　1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his

　　3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes

　　5. told, had, before 6. had, there

　　7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before

　　9. told, could 10. how, she, had

　　11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived

　　13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell

　　15. asked, if [whether], that