This was the famous orator1 Demosthenes, whose fulminating speeches at the Assembly,这就是著名的雄辩家德摩斯梯尼，他在公民大会上发表呵斥的演说，in which he repeatedly warned people against King Philip's schemes, are known as "Philippics".

　　他在公民大会上发表呵斥的演说，一再痛斥菲利普王的图谋，这些演说被称为“痛斥国王菲利普的演说”。

　　But Greece was too divided to put up any real defense2.

　　但是希腊各城邦太不团结一致，未能全力进行抵抗。

　　At Chaeronea, in 338 BC, the Greeks, who hardly 100 years before had held their own against the gigantic Persian host, were defeated by King Philip and tiny Macedonia.

　　公元前338年在喀罗尼亚，菲利普王率领小小的马其顿战胜了100多年前能够抗击波斯大军的希腊人。

　　So ended the freedom of the Greeks – not that it could be said that they had made good use of it lately.

　　希腊的自由一去不复返了——希腊人最后十分糟糕地使用了这一自由。

　　But it wasn't Philip's intention to enslave or plunder3 Greece.

　　不过菲利普却根本不想奴役或掠夺希腊。

　　He had other ideas: he planned to create a great army made up of Greeks and Macedonians with which to invade and conquer Persia.

　　他完全另有打算：他要建立一支庞大的希腊和马其顿的联军并率领这支联军向波斯挺进，占领波斯。

　　At the time of the Persian wars such a task would have proved impossible, but things had changed.

　　这样的目标在波斯战争时期是不可能实现的，但情况变了。

　　The great kings of Persia were no longer able and ambitious like Darius or mighty4 like Xerxes.

　　这时的波斯国王们早就不再像大流士那样精明能干或者像薛西斯那样强大。

　　They had long given up ruling the country themselves and contented5 themselves with the money their satraps sent back from the provinces.

　　他们早已不再自己监管他们的整个国家，而是只要他们的地方总督从各地向他们交来尽可能多的金钱，他们就心满意足。