一天一杯酒对你的身体有何影响

We are a species that loves our fermented grapes. We’ve been making and drinking wine since 6000 B.C. Even as far back as 2,000 years ago there were wine bars on every street in Roman cities. In 2014, Americans consumed an estimated 893 million gallons of wine. That’s a lot of quaffing.

我们是一个喜欢发酵葡萄的物种。早在公元前6000年，我们就开始酿酒和饮酒了。早在2000年前，罗马城市的每条街道上都有酒吧。2014年，美国人估计消费了8.93亿加仑葡萄酒。那是大量的狂饮。

One glass of wine: Friend or foe? (Photo: Tinatin/Shutterstock)

But is the veneration of vino a good thing? We wine-sipping tipplers do a collective happy dance whenever a new study is published promoting the health benefits of wine in moderate consumption … as we plug our ears and hum loudly when other studies come out highlighting the health risks.

但对葡萄酒的崇敬是件好事吗?每当一项新研究发表时，我们这些爱喝葡萄酒的人就会集体跳起欢快的舞蹈，宣传适量饮用葡萄酒对健康的益处……当其他研究强调葡萄酒对健康的危害时，我们会竖起耳朵，大声哼着歌。

So with that in mind, here’s a look at all the different things science says about what can happen at wine o’clock — the good, the bad and the ugly all in their fermented glory.

因此，带着这种想法，让我们来看看科学对葡萄酒时间的各种说法——好的、坏的和丑陋的都在发酵的光辉中。

To start things off, just what is moderate consumption? A standard drink is equal to 14.0 grams (0.6 ounces) of pure alcohol, which generally equates to 5 ounces of wine (and is roughly equivalent to 1.5 ounces of liquor or 12 ounces of beer, though variations in strength will throw that off). According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, moderate alcohol consumption means having up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men. Most studies quantify amounts used in research.

首先，什么是适度饮酒?一个标准的饮料等于14.0克(0.6盎司)纯酒精，一般相当于5盎司的葡萄酒(大约相当于1.5盎司的白酒或12盎司的啤酒，尽管强度的不同会影响这个数值)。根据美国人的饮食指南，适量饮酒意味着女性每天最多喝一杯，男性每天最多喝两杯。大多数研究将研究中使用的数量量化。

Moderate wine consumption has its benefits. (Photo: Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock)

Boosts antioxidants

提高抗氧化剂

May limit atherosclerosis

可能会限制动脉粥样硬化

Increases 'good' cholesterol

增加“好”胆固醇

Decreases risk of heart disease

降低患心脏病的风险

Lessens risk of heart attack

降低心脏病发作的风险

May reduce risk of stroke

可以降低中风的风险

Lowers stress and anxiety

减轻压力和焦虑

Lessens likelihood of gallstones

减少胆结石的可能性

Decreases diabetes risk

降低糖尿病风险

But

但是

Messes with your folate

紊乱你的叶酸

May boost breast cancer risk

会增加患乳腺癌的风险

But may reduce the risk of other cancers

但可能会降低患其他癌症的风险

Moderation is key

适度是关键

Too much wine comes with health risks. (Photo: Foxy's Forest Manufacture/Shutterstock)

We all have unique personal and family histories, so the bottom line is that a glass of wine offers each of us a different array of benefits and risks. Whether or not to have a drink at the end of the day requires careful balancing of these benefits and risks, a job that may be best accomplished by knowing the science and having a chat with your health care provider.

我们都有独特的个人和家庭历史，所以最重要的是，一杯葡萄酒给我们每个人带来了不同的好处和风险。无论是否在一天结束时喝一杯都需要仔细权衡这些好处和风险，了解科学知识并与你的医疗服务提供者交谈可能是完成这项工作的最佳途径。