我们是如何毁掉海洋的
The oceans have helped buffer us against the worst effects of climate change, but they're really starting to suffer, a new report has found.
一份新的报告发现，海洋帮助我们抵御了气候变化的最坏影响，但它们确实开始受到影响。
Scientists from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released its Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) on Thursday. It confirms that sea level rise is accelerating thanks to humanity's increasing greenhouse gas emissions, but that's not all.
联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)的科学家周四发布了《气候变化中的海洋和冰冻圈特别报告》(SROCC)。报告证实，由于人类不断增加的温室气体排放，海平面正在加速上升，但这还不是全部。
"What this report tells us is the oceans are getting warmer, they're losing oxygen, they're getting more acidic," Greenpeace oceans campaigner Jessica Desmond told The AM Show.
绿色和平组织的海洋运动者杰西卡·德斯蒙德在AM节目中说：“这份报告告诉我们，海洋正在变暖，缺氧，酸性越来越强。”
"We're seeing sea level rise, and we're seeing coastal wetlands, reefs and natural protections from extreme weather events breaking down all around us."
“我们看到海平面上升，我们看到沿海湿地、珊瑚礁和免受极端天气事件影响的自然保护正在我们周围瓦解。”
According to scientists, as the ocean warms its layers of water don't mix - warm water rises - which reduces the flow of oxygen and nutrients for marine life.
根据科学家的说法，当海洋变暖时，它的水层不会混合——温水上升——这会减少海洋生物的氧气和营养物质的流动。
The cryosphere encompasses parts of the world typically covered in ice.
冰冻圈包括世界上通常被冰覆盖的部分。
"We can now say with some confidence that Arctic sea-ice decline is unprecedented in at least 1000 years, which is some of the clearest evidence yet that human impacts on climate already dominate over anything natural," said Prof Steven Sherwood of the University of New South Wales Climate Change Research Centre.
“我们现在可以肯定地说，北极海冰的减少至少在1000年内是史无前例的，这是迄今为止最清楚的证据之一，表明人类对气候的影响已经主导了任何自然现象。”新南威尔士大学气候变化研究中心的史蒂文·舍伍德教授说。
"Also, this report examines expected changes out to the year 2300, when sea level rise is projected to be three to four metres without mitigation efforts, but could be kept under one metre with strong mitigation efforts."
“此外，这份报告还研究了2300年的预期变化，如果不采取缓解措施，海平面预计将上升3至4米，但如果采取强有力的缓解措施，海平面将保持在1米以下。”
The ocean plays an important in protecting us against temperatures getting even higher than they already are.
海洋在保护我们免受气温升高的影响方面发挥着重要作用。
"The IPCC SROCC report confirms that the oceans provide us with an amazing buffer against climate change," said University of Otago and NIWA expert Prof Cliff Law, who contributed to the report as a reviewer.
“IPCC SROCC报告证实，海洋为我们应对气候变化提供了一个惊人的缓冲，”奥塔哥大学(University of Otago)和NIWA专家克利夫•劳教授(Cliff Law)表示。
"By absorbing 20 to 30 percent of the [carbon dioxide] we've released and an incredible 90 percent-plus of the additional heat retained in the global climate system, it's prevented the planet overheating."
“通过吸收我们排放的20%到30%的二氧化碳，以及全球气候系统中令人难以置信的90%以上的额外热量，它防止了地球过热。”
But warm water takes up more room than cold, so as the ocean warms it expands - add melting ice on top of this, and there are fears much of the damage has been done, regardless of what actions we take.
但是温暖的海水比寒冷的海水占据更多的空间，所以当海洋变暖时，它就会膨胀——再加上融化的冰，不管我们采取什么行动，人们都担心大部分的破坏已经造成。
"The best available computer models suggest the threshold for large, irreversible change is nearby - somewhere between 1.5C and 2C global mean warming," said University of Otago's Prof Christina Hulbe.
奥塔哥大学的克里斯蒂娜•胡尔贝教授说:“现有的最佳计算机模型表明，不可逆转的大变化的门槛就在附近——全球平均气温上升1.5至2摄氏度之间。”
"So while there is certainly change locked in, it may still be possible to avoid some of the largest consequences of global warming."
“因此，尽管肯定会有变化，但仍有可能避免全球变暖带来的一些最严重后果。”
