United States border agents made a record number of arrests in the South the past fiscal year, which ended in September.
截至 9 月结束的上一个财政年度，美国边防人员在南方逮捕的人数创下历史新高。
 
In an effort to deal with the situation, U.S. President Joe Biden announced new steps last week. He said border patrol agents would immediately start turning away Cubans, Haitians and Nicaraguans who illegally cross the border from Mexico.
为了应对这种情况，美国总统乔·拜登上周宣布了新措施。他说，边境巡逻人员将立即开始拒绝从墨西哥非法越境的古巴人、海地人和尼加拉瓜人。
 
The new rules expand on an existing effort to stop Venezuelans attempting to enter the U.S. That effort began in October and led to a sharp drop in Venezuelans coming to the southern border.
新规则扩展了现有的阻止委内瑞拉人试图进入美国的努力。这项努力始于 10 月，导致前往南部边境的委内瑞拉人急剧下降。
 
"Do not, do not just show up at the border," Biden said last week in his first major speech on border security. At the same time, he said the U.S. would permit up to 30,000 people from Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti and Venezuela to enter the country by air each month.
“不要，不要只是出现在边境，”拜登上周在他关于边境安全的首次重要演讲中说。与此同时，他表示，美国每月将允许多达 3 万名来自古巴、尼加拉瓜、海地和委内瑞拉的人乘飞机入境美国。
 
Who is trying to enter the U.S. at the border?
谁试图在边境进入美国？
 
During the past fiscal year, agents arrested more than 2.2 million people at the U.S.-Mexico border.
在上一财年，特工在美墨边境逮捕了超过 220 万人。
 
But many of those individuals had tried to cross more than once after being caught. The migrants were quickly expelled to Mexico under a COVID-established order known as Title 42.
但其中许多人在被捕后曾不止一次试图穿越。根据 COVID 建立的名为 Title 42 的命令，这些移民很快被驱逐到墨西哥。
 
Before last year, Mexico had generally only been accepting the return of its own citizens along with migrants from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. The number of Venezuelans crossing the border fell sharply after Mexico agreed to accept expulsions of Venezuelan migrants last October.
去年之前，墨西哥通常只接受本国公民以及来自危地马拉、洪都拉斯和萨尔瓦多的移民返回。在墨西哥去年 10 月同意接受驱逐委内瑞拉移民后，过境委内瑞拉人的数量急剧下降。
 
Why are people crossing?
人为什么要穿越？
 
Before Title 42, migrants had been permitted to arrive at a U.S. port of entry and tell border officials they feared returning to their home country. That action would start an asylum process.
在 Title 42 之前，移民被允许到达美国入境口岸并告诉边境官员他们害怕返回自己的祖国。该行动将启动庇护程序。
 
Migrants seeking protection must prove they have been persecuted, or fear they will be, on the basis of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a social group. The migrant is required to make an official asylum request to a U.S. asylum officer or in U.S. immigration court.
寻求保护的移民必须证明他们曾因种族、宗教、国籍、政治观点或社会团体成员资格而受到迫害，或者担心他们会受到迫害。移民必须向美国庇护官员或美国移民法庭提出正式庇护申请。
 
Other migrants who arrive on U.S. soil are permitted to ask for asylum, even if they cross the border illegally and turn themselves into border agents. But winning a case that way is a long and complex process and can take years to complete.
其他到达美国领土的移民被允许申请庇护，即使他们非法越境并将自己变成边境代理人。但以这种方式赢得案件是一个漫长而复杂的过程，可能需要数年才能完成。
 
What happens to people after they cross?
人穿越后会怎样？
 
Migrants who cannot be expelled under Title 42 are processed under an immigration law known as Title 8. Those individuals can be detained or released in the U.S. during consideration of their cases.
不能根据第 42 条被驱逐的移民将根据称为第 8 条的移民法进行处理。这些人可以在美国审理其案件期间被拘留或释放。
 
Asylum seekers can seek work permits as long as they attend court hearings and other immigration requirements.
寻求庇护者只要出席法庭听证会并满足其他移民要求，就可以寻求工作许可。
 
Last year, the Republican governors of Texas and Arizona bused thousands of migrants from the border to northern cities like New York and Washington, D.C. The governors said the action eased pressure in border communities and expressed their opposition to the policies of President Biden and Democratic lawmakers.
去年，得克萨斯州和亚利桑那州的共和党州长将数千名移民从边境运往纽约和华盛顿特区等北部城市。州长们表示，此举缓解了边境社区的压力，并表示反对拜登总统和民主党议员的政策.
 
What paths to legal immigration are available?
合法移民的途径有哪些？
 
There are a number of ways to enter the U.S. legally as an immigrant. These include being sponsored by a U.S. citizen or company, to perform a particular job or to study. But getting a visa approved can take a long time and the process is not always available to under-represented communities.
有多种方式可以作为移民合法进入美国。这些包括由美国公民或公司赞助，从事特定工作或学习。但是获得签证可能需要很长时间，而且这个过程并不总是适用于代表性不足的社区。
 
The Biden administration set a goal in 2022 to resettle 125,000 refugees who registered from abroad after former President Donald Trump sharply reduced admissions during his term. But the COVID-pandemic added to existing delays and prevented the U.S. from reaching that goal.
拜登政府设定了 2022 年的目标，即在前总统唐纳德特朗普任期内大幅减少入境人数后，重新安置 125,000 名从国外登记的难民。但 COVID 大流行加剧了现有的延误，并阻止了美国实现这一目标。
 
When Biden took office in 2021, he urged Congress to pass wide-reaching immigration reform. Efforts to fix what many believe is a broken immigration system have been a long-standing goal of past administrations. But lawmakers have repeatedly failed in recent years to reach an agreement to pass major new policies.
拜登在 2021 年上任时，他敦促国会通过影响广泛的移民改革。努力修复许多人认为已损坏的移民系统一直是过去几届政府的长期目标。但立法者近年来一再未能就通过重大新政策达成一致。