Have you ever written a poem in English? Some of you have written to us in recent weeks asking us about writing and sharing poems.
你用英语写过诗吗？最近几周你们中的一些人写信给我们，询问我们关于写作和分享诗歌的问题。
 
When I was a teacher at a university, I taught my ESL students creative writing. We spent time learning to use parts of speech to write poems.
当我在大学当老师时，我教我的 ESL 学生创意写作。我们花时间学习使用词性来写诗。
 
In today's Everyday Grammar, we will look at two different kinds of poems that can be easily written using several parts of speech, the cinquain and a diamante poem or diamond poem.
在今天的日常语法中，我们将研究两种不同的诗歌，它们可以很容易地使用多个词性来写，即五角星和钻石诗或钻石诗。
 
Let's start with the cinquain.
让我们从cinquain开始吧。
 
Cinquain
五金奎因
 
The cinquain poem gets its name from the number five in the French language, or "cinq." It has five lines. One form of a cinquain uses parts of speech, like nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
cinquain 诗的名字来源于法语中的数字五，即“cinq”。它有五行。 cinquain 的一种形式使用词性，如名词、动词、形容词和副词。
 
Let's look at the structure of a cinquain.
让我们看一下cinquain的结构。
 
The first line is the subject. Keep this to one word. Use a noun.
第一行是主题。保持一个字。使用名词。
 
The second line is two adjectives that describe the subject.
第二行是描述主题的两个形容词。
 
Line three includes three action words. These can be either verbs or the -ing form of verbs called gerunds.
第三行包括三个动作词。这些可以是动词或称为动名词的动词的 ing 形式。
 
Line four uses four words that describe the subject. This line often brings attention to the mood or emotion of the poem. This can be a simple phrase, or group of words expressing a thought.
第四行使用四个词来描述主题。这句台词通常会引起人们对诗歌的情绪或情感的关注。这可以是一个简单的短语，也可以是表达一个想法的一组词。
 
And lastly, line five is one word that again reflects the subject of the poem in the first line. This can be a synonym, or another word that has the same meaning as the subject.
最后，第五行再次反映了第一行诗的主题。这可以是同义词，也可以是与主题具有相同含义的另一个词。
 
Let's look at an example:
让我们看一个例子：
 
Spring
春天
 
Warmer, brighter
更温暖，更明亮
 
Planting, watering, blooming
播种、浇水、开花
 
Sweet smell of flowers
芬芳的花香
 
Gardens
花园
 
Diamante or diamond poem
钻石或钻石诗
 
Now let's look at a similar poem using parts of speech. The diamante poem or diamond poem is a seven-line poem. It is shaped like a diamond. Let's look at the structure:
现在让我们用词类看一首类似的诗。钻石诗或钻石诗是一首七行诗。它的形状像钻石。让我们看一下结构：
 
The first line is only one noun.
第一行只有一个名词。
 
Line two has two adjectives.
第二行有两个形容词。
 
The third line has three verbs.
第三行有三个动词。
 
Line four has four nouns.
第四行有四个名词。
 
The fifth line is like the third line and has three verbs.
第五行和第三行一样，也有三个动词。
 
The sixth line has two adjectives like the second line.
第六行和第二行一样有两个形容词。
 
The seventh line is a one-word noun.
第七行是单字名词。
 
Here again is a description of the shape, the line structure, and the parts of speech:
这里又是对形状、线条结构和词性的描述：
 
Line 1: noun
第 1 行：名词
 
Line 2: adjective, adjective
第 2 行：形容词，形容词
 
Line 3: verb, verb, verb
第三行：动词，动词，动词
 
Line 4: noun, noun, noun, noun
第四行：名词，名词，名词，名词
 
Line 5: verb, verb, verb
第五行：动词，动词，动词
 
Line 6: adjective, adjective
第六行：形容词，形容词
 
Line 7: noun
第 7 行：名词
 
A Diamante poem can either express synonyms with the first and last lines describing similar ideas, or the poem can change to show the opposite meaning of the subject. The first and last lines would then be antonyms, or opposites. The second half of the poem could even explore something with similarities to the subject but with important differences.
Diamante 诗既可以用描述相似想法的第一行和最后一行来表达同义词，也可以改变这首诗以显示主题的相反含义。第一行和最后一行将是反义词或对立面。这首诗的后半部分甚至可以探索与主题相似但有重要差异的事物。
 
Let's look at an example of each.
让我们看一个例子。
 
Synonym:
代名词：
 
Cat
猫
 
Small, cute
小巧可爱
 
Sleeping, running, climbing
睡觉、跑步、爬山
 
Toys, trees, birds, food
玩具、树木、鸟类、食物
 
Jumping, meowing, cuddling
跳跃、喵喵、拥抱
 
Fluffy, curious
毛茸茸的，好奇的
 
Feline
猫科动物
 
Antonym:
反义词：
 
Fruit
水果
 
Juicy, sweet
多汁，甜美
 
Growing, ripening, picking
种植、成熟、采摘
 
Apples, berries, tomatoes, eggplant
苹果、浆果、西红柿、茄子
 
Eating, cooking, pickling
吃、煮、腌
 
Healthy, savory
健康、美味
 
Vegetables
蔬菜
 
In the last poem, "fruit" and "vegetables" are different. In the fourth line, the poem changed from describing fruit to describing vegetables. Tomatoes and eggplant are often thought of as vegetables in the United States, but scientifically they are fruit. Line four shows a change from the subject of the first part of the poem to the new subject of the second half, connecting the two in only a few words.
上首诗中，“果”与“菜”不同。第四句，诗由描写水果改为描写蔬菜。西红柿和茄子在美国通常被认为是蔬菜，但从科学上讲它们是水果。第四行表现了从诗的前半部分主题到后半部分新主题的变化，仅用几个词就将两者联系起来。
 
Now it's your turn
现在轮到你了
 
Today we looked at ways we can use parts of speech to create two kinds of poems. The cinquain poem and the diamond poem.
今天我们研究了使用词性来创作两种诗歌的方法。五行诗和金刚石诗。
 
The Cinquain poem has five lines. Lines two through five expand on the subject of the poem, which is the first line.
Cinquain 诗有五行。第二行到第五行扩展了诗歌的主题，这是第一行。
 
The diamond-shaped poem has seven lines containing four parts of speech. This poem structure can be like a cinquain with synonyms of the first and last lines, or antonyms can be used to create a contrast or to show a difference in the poem.
这首菱形诗有七行，包含四个词性。这首诗的结构可以像五角琴一样，首句和末句用同义词，也可以用反义词来形成对比或表现诗歌的不同之处。
 
Now it's your turn! Create a cinquain or diamond poem of your own! Try to choose a simple subject, something that you know well. You have the structure. Just think about describing your subjects with different parts of speech.
现在轮到你了！创建您自己的五角星或钻石诗！尝试选择一个简单的主题，您熟悉的主题。你有结构。想想用不同的词类来描述你的主题。