193 damage,destroy和ruin
① damage主要用于物,有时也可用于人,指由于“损害,损坏,毁坏”,使之失去(尤指部分)价值、功能或正常的外观,作名词常同to连用。
The scandal damaged him/his reputation. 这一丑闻毁了他/毁了他的名誉。
He damaged the front of his car in the accident. 他在事故中把汽车前部撞坏了。
② destroy指具体的或抽象的事物受到彻底损坏而很难恢复,故常用指“破坏,毁坏,摧毁”,也可指希望、计划等打破。
The fire destroyed the house. 大火烧毁了这栋房子。
It seems he's destroying himself. 他似乎正在毁灭自己。
His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。
③ ruin意为“使毁灭,使崩溃,弄糟”,表示破坏严重,以致不能修复。ruin不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调使某物的价值发生了问题。ruin也可作名词,表示“毁灭,废墟”等。
The fire ruined the tower. 大火使那座塔夷为废墟。
My dignity as a man is sadly ruined. 作为一个男子汉,我的尊严令人痛心地完了。
She has ruined her health through overwork. 她由于过度劳累,身体垮了。
The ancient temple has fallen into ruin. 古庙已坍塌。
The city is now in ruins. 那座城市现在成了一片废墟。